PDF-(EBOOK)-Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium (Princeton Series in Astrophysics,

An essential resource for graduate students and astrophysicistsThis is a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic mediumthe gas and dust as well as the electromagnetic radiation cosmic rays and magnetic and gravitational fields present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselvesTopics include radiative processes across the electromagnetic spectrum radiative transfer ionization heating and cooling astrochemistry interstellar dust fluid dynamics including ionization fronts and shock waves cosmic rays distribution and evolution of the interstellar medium and star formation While it is assumed that the reader has a background in undergraduatelevel physics including some prior exposure to atomic and molecular physics statistical mechanics and electromagnetism the first six chapters of the book include a review of the basic physics that is used in later chapters This graduatelevel textbook includes references for further reading and serves as an invaluable resource for working astrophysicistsEssential textbook on the physics of the interstellar and intergalactic mediumBased on a course taught by the author for more than twenty years at Princeton UniversityCovers radiative processes fluid dynamics cosmic rays astrochemistry interstellar dust and moreDiscusses the physical state and distribution of the ionized atomic and molecular phases of the interstellar mediumReviews diagnostics using emission and absorption linesFeatures color illustrations and detailed reference materials in appendicesInstructors manual with problems and solutions available only to teachers. Chapter 0, Introduction. Yosuke Mizuno. Institute of Astronomy. National . Tsing-Hua. University. Lecture Website. Lecture Website. http://. www.phys.nthu.edu.tw. /~. mizuno. /. plastro.htm. l. No specific text book for this lecture. : . theory and. IBEX (NASA) and. . Voyager (NASA) data analyses. Izmodenov V.V.. Space Research Institute (IKI) RAS. &. Lomonosov Moscow State University. 2. Subject: the region where the solar wind interacts with the local interstellar medium. The Interstellar Medium. Credits: Much of this slideset is modified from lectures by Dr. Peter Newbury (UBC). The Interstellar Medium. The . matter that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic rays. Graham . Woan. University of Glasgow. 2. Astronomy and Space Physics in Scotland. Exoplanets. Galaxy dynamics. Cosmology. Solar physics. Scottish Universities . Physics Alliance. Gravitational waves. I-1 thor Part II: Interstellar . Gas. . . Gas . Absorbing. Light. In addition to dust grains, there is low-density gas between the stars. . This leads to the formation of . additional . absorption . lines in the spectrum of a star. and Scholar. s. Symposium to . h. onour. our great friend and colleague on his retirement . from Princeton. AJS Smith. June 17, 2016. Early days: Kirk in Tucson, class of ‘66 . Grad School at Caltech 1966-71. This book investigates the question of how matter has evolved since its origin in the Big Bang, from the cosmological synthesis of hydrogen and helium to the generation of the complex set of nuclei that comprise our world and our selves. A central theme is the evolution of gravitationally contained thermonuclear reactors, otherwise known as stars. Our current understanding is presented systematically and quantitatively, by combining simple analytic models with new state-of-the-art computer simulations.The narrative begins with the clues (primarily the solar system abundance pattern), the constraining physics (primarily nuclear and particle physics), and the thermonuclear burning in the Big Bang itself. It continues with a step-by-step description of how stars evolve by nuclear reactions, a critical investigation of supernova explosion mechanisms and the formation of neutron stars and of black holes, and an analysis of how such explosions appear to astronomers (illustrated by comparison with recent observations). It concludes with a synthesis of these ideas for galactic evolution, with implications for nucleosynthesis in the first generation of stars and for the solar system abundance pattern. Emphasis is given to questions that remain open, and to active research areas that bridge the disciplines of astronomy, cosmochemistry, physics, and planetary and space science. Extensive references are given. This is the definitive treatment of the phenomenology of galaxies--a clear and comprehensive volume that takes full account of the extraordinary recent advances in the field. The book supersedes the classic text Galactic Astronomy that James Binney wrote with Dimitri Mihalas, and complements Galactic Dynamics by Binney and Scott Tremaine. It will be invaluable to researchers and is accessible to any student who has a background in undergraduate physics.The book draws on observations both of our own galaxy, the Milky Way, and of external galaxies. The two sources are complementary, since the former tends to be highly detailed but difficult to interpret, while the latter is typically poorer in quality but conceptually simpler to understand. Binney and Merrifield introduce all astronomical concepts necessary to understand the properties of galaxies, including coordinate systems, magnitudes and colors, the phenomenology of stars, the theory of stellar and chemical evolution, and the measurement of astronomical distances. The book\'s core covers the phenomenology of external galaxies, star clusters in the Milky Way, the interstellar media of external galaxies, gas in the Milky Way, the structure and kinematics of the stellar components of the Milky Way, and the kinematics of external galaxies.Throughout, the book emphasizes the observational basis for current understanding of galactic astronomy, with references to the original literature. Offering both new information and a comprehensive view of its subject, it will be an indispensable source for professionals, as well as for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Alien worlds have long been a staple of science fiction. But today, thanks to modern astronomical instrumentation and the achievements of many enterprising observational astronomers, the existence of planets outside our solar system--also known as exoplanets--has moved into the realm of science fact. With planet hunters finding ever smaller, more Earth-like worlds, our understanding of the cosmos is forever changed, yet the question of how astronomers make these discoveries often goes unanswered.How Do You Find an Exoplanet? is an authoritative primer on the four key techniques that today\'s planet hunters use to detect the feeble signals of planets orbiting distant stars. John Johnson provides you with an insider\'s perspective on this exciting cutting-edge science, showing how astronomers detect the wobble of stars caused by the gravitational tug of an orbiting planet, the slight diminution of light caused by a planet eclipsing its star, and the bending of space-time by stars and their planets, and how astronomers even directly take pictures of planets next to their bright central stars.Accessible to anyone with a basic foundation in college-level physics, How Do You Find an Exoplanet? sheds new light on the prospect of finding life outside our solar system, how surprising new observations suggest that we may not fully understand how planets form, and much more. Provides a physics-centered analysis of a broad range of astronomical systems that appeals to a large audience of advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineeringThis book gives a survey of astrophysics at the advanced undergraduate level. It originates from a two-semester course sequence at Rutgers University that is meant to appeal not only to astrophysics students but also more broadly to physics and engineering students. The organization is driven more by physics than by astronomy in other words, topics are first developed in physics and then applied to astronomical systems that can be investigated, rather than the other way around.The first half of the book focuses on gravity. Gravity is the dominant force in many astronomical systems, so a tremendous amount can be learned by studying gravity, motion and mass. The theme in this part of the book, as well as throughout astrophysics, is using motion to investigate mass. The goal of Chapters 2-11 is to develop a progressively richer understanding of gravity as it applies to objects ranging from planets and moons to galaxies and the universe as a whole. The second half uses other aspects of physics to address one of the big questions. While Why are we here? lies beyond the realm of physics, a closely related question is within our reach: How did we get here? The goal of Chapters 12-20 is to understand the physics behind the remarkable story of how the Universe, Earth and life were formed. This book assumes familiarity with vector calculus and introductory physics (mechanics, electromagnetism, gas physics and atomic physics) however, all of the physics topics are reviewed as they come up (and vital aspects of vector calculus are reviewed in the Appendix). Since it was first published in 1987, Galactic Dynamics has become the most widely used advanced textbook on the structure and dynamics of galaxies and one of the most cited references in astrophysics. Now, in this extensively revised and updated edition, James Binney and Scott Tremaine describe the dramatic recent advances in this subject, making Galactic Dynamics the most authoritative introduction to galactic astrophysics available to advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers.Every part of the book has been thoroughly overhauled, and many sections have been completely rewritten. Many new topics are covered, including N-body simulation methods, black holes in stellar systems, linear stability and response theory, and galaxy formation in the cosmological context. Binney and Tremaine, two of the world\'s leading astrophysicists, use the tools of theoretical physics to describe how galaxies and other stellar systems work, succinctly and lucidly explaining theoretical principles and their applications to observational phenomena. They provide readers with an understanding of stellar dynamics at the level needed to reach the frontiers of the subject.This new edition of the classic text is the definitive introduction to the field.? A complete revision and update of one of the most cited references in astrophysics Provides a comprehensive description of the dynamical structure and evolution of galaxies and other stellar systems Serves as both a graduate textbook and a resource for researchers Includes 20 color illustrations, 205 figures, and more than 200 problems Covers the gravitational N-body problem, hierarchical galaxy formation, galaxy mergers, dark matter, spiral structure, numerical simulations, orbits and chaos, equilibrium and stability of stellar systems, evolution of binary stars and star clusters, and much more Companion volume to Galactic Astronomy, the definitive book on the phenomenology of galaxies and star clusters An essential introduction to the theory of exoplanetary atmospheresThe study of exoplanetary atmospheres--that is, of planets orbiting stars beyond our solar system--may be our best hope for discovering life elsewhere in the universe. This dynamic, interdisciplinary field requires practitioners to apply knowledge from atmospheric and climate science, astronomy and astrophysics, chemistry, geology and geophysics, planetary science, and even biology. Exoplanetary Atmospheres provides an essential introduction to the theoretical foundations of this cutting-edge new science.Exoplanetary Atmospheres covers the physics of radiation, fluid dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric escape. It draws on simple analytical models to aid learning, and features a wealth of problem sets, some of which are open-ended. This authoritative and accessible graduate textbook uses a coherent and self-consistent set of notation and definitions throughout, and also includes appendixes containing useful formulae in thermodynamics and vector calculus as well as selected Python scripts.Exoplanetary Atmospheres prepares PhD students for research careers in the field, and is ideal for self-study as well as for use in a course setting.The first graduate textbook on the theory of exoplanetary atmospheresUnifies knowledge from atmospheric and climate science, astronomy and astrophysics, chemistry, planetary science, and moreCovers radiative transfer, fluid dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric escapeProvides simple analytical models and a wealth of problem setsIncludes appendixes on thermodynamics, vector calculus, tabulated Gibbs free energies, and Python scriptsSolutions manual (available only to professors) White dwarfs, neutron stars, and (solar mass) black holes are the collapsed cores of stars which, near the ends of their luminous lives, have shed most of their mass in supernova explosions or other, less spectacular, instabilities. Here gravity crushes matter to realms that lie far beyond present empirical knowledge. This book explores the diverse forms that such compact stars can possibly take, as constrained by the laws of nature: the general principles of relativity and quantum mechanics, the properties of nuclear matter deduced from nuclei, and the asymptotic freedom of quarks at high density. The book is self contained. It reviews general relativity, essential aspects of nuclear and particle physics, and general features of white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes it includes background on such matters as stellar formation and evolution, the discovery of pulsars and associated phenomena, and the strange-matter hypothesis. The book develops a theory for the constitution of neutron stars and the more exotic Hyperon Stars, Hybrid Stars (containing a quark matter core surrounded by an intricate lattice of quark and hadronic matter) and Strange Stars and Dwarfs (composed of the three light quark flavors sheathed in a solid skin of heavy ions). This second edition has been revised throughout to clarify discussions and bring data up to date it includes new figures, several new sections, and new chapters on Bose condensates in neutron stars and on phase transitions.