H erectus H habilis A boisei H neanderthalis H sapiens Skull Comparison Lab What to write in the chart Forehead large medium or small Chin yesno Sagittal Crest scale 110 crest10 no crest1 ID: 933835
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Slide1
A. afarensis
P. troglodytes
H. erectus
H.
habilis
A.
boisei
H.
neanderthalis
H. sapiens
Skull Comparison Lab
Slide2What to write in the chart:Forehead: large, medium, or small
Chin: yes/noSagittal Crest: scale 1-10, crest-10, no crest-1Prognathism: scale 1-10, large snout-10, no snout (flat face)-1Facial Slope: Angle of slope in degreesSupraorbital Ridge
: Scale 1-10, large brow-10, no brow-1Dental arcade: U, V, or rectangular? Draw what you see, are the teeth fine or robust?Canines: scale 1-10, long and sharp-10Foramen magnum: Is it towards the back of skull (occipital) or towards the palate?Cranial Module: Add top/bottom and front/back and divide by two
Slide3Forehead
It’s the space between eyebrows and top of head.
Slide4ChinWhile there is variation within our species, humans are the only species with chins.
Slide5The ridge running from front to back on the top of skull. Why would a species have this?
Slide6Prognathism=Snout
Slide7Facial Slope:place protractor between upper and lower teeth, measure from front of mouth.
Slide8Brow Ridge:Supraorbital ridge
Slide9More boxy?More U-shaped?
Slide10Canines:What do they say about the way the species defends itself or eats its food?
Slide11Foramen Magnum is the hole at the base of the skull for the spinal cord to exit. Think about how we walk.
Slide12Cranial Module: We are measuring Length and Height
Calculate a and b by using rulers at these points, add a and b together and divide to get their average.
a.
b.
Slide13Age: There is a chart on the lab sheet.
Anatomically Modern Humans
first appear around 150,000 years ago
Slide14Some more points to consider:
Slide15Slide16Comparing Homo sapiens to Australopithicus afarensis
Teeth: Parabolic dental arcade, large incisors & canines, no diastema, molars & premolars smaller than
Australopithecus
, molars & premolars narrow.
Skull: Thin bones of cranial vault, high forehead, large braincase, no sagittal crest, flat bony face, small supraorbital torus,
foramen magnum
placed anteriorly.
Habitat: Semiarid savanna,
locally wooded conditions.
And to Homo
habilis
Slide17No!! Yes