Mah Jabeen Muneera Associate professor Department of Anatomy KEMU Subdivisions CONDUCTING PART Nasal cavities Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles ID: 932821
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Slide1
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Dr.
Mah
Jabeen
Muneera
Associate professor
Department of Anatomy
KEMU
Slide2Subdivisions
CONDUCTING PART
Nasal cavities
Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
Slide3RESPIRATORY PART
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs Alveoli
Slide4FUNCTIONS OF CONDUCTING PART
Conduction
Conditioning
Cleaning Moistening WarmingSlowing the current
Slide5RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR CILIATED WITH GOBLET CELLS
Cell types:
Columnar ciliated cellsImmotile cillia syndromeGoblet cellsBrush cellsMicrovilli
Receptor Small granule cellsDiffuse neuro endocrine cells; Kulchitsky’s granules
Basal cells
Metaplasia
dysplasia
Slide6Nose
Provides
airway
Moistens and warms airFilters airResonating chamber for speechOlfactory receptors6
Slide7NASAL CAVITIES
Vestibule
lined by skin (stratified squamous keratinized)Vibrissae, sebaceous & sweat glands Transition to respiratory epithelium (stratified Squamous Non Keratinized)
Slide8Nasal
Fossae
Nasal septum
Chonchae Superior –olfactory epitheliumMiddle – respiratory epithelium Inferior – respiratory epitheliumLamina propriaVenous plexus – swell/cavernous bodiesEngorged with blood periodically
Plexus of large blood vessels next to periosteum & perichondriumBlood flow from rear to front – warms inspired air Mucous & serous glands (bactericides, lysozyme)
Nasal Blockade in allergic reactions
Slide9Nasal Cavity
Slide10Olfactory Mucosa
Location
Color
Olfactory epithelium (pseudostratified
columnar) Olfactory cellsBipolar neuron
Olfactory vesicle
Olfactory
cillia
Proximal segment
Trailing segment
Immotile
Odorant binding protein
Sustentacular
cells
Shape
Microvilli
Nuclei; location
Adhering junctions
Yellow pigment
Glial cells functionally
Slide11Basal cells
Shape
Location
NucleiFunction
Lamina propria
Bowman’s/ olfactory gland - serous
Capillary
plexus
Anosmia
Hyposmia
Regeneration
Slide12Slide13Paranasal
sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid,
ethmoid and maxillary bonesOpen into nasal cavityLined by same mucosa (shorter, fewer goblet cells, lymphoid tissue) as nasal cavity and perform same functionsLamina propria; thinner, no swell bodiesPeriosteum Also lighten the skullCan get infected: sinusitis
13
Slide14Pharynx
Parts
Mucosa
Respiratory epitheliumStratified squamous epitheliumLamina propria – loose-dense irregular CTElastic issueVascularized
Seromucous gland, mucous in stratified areaLymphoid tissue – posterior: pharyngeal tonsil
Slide15Submucosa
:
Loose connective tissue
Only in superolateral partMuscularis:Skeletal muscleFibrosaOutermost thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
Slide16Slide17Larynx – voice box
Additional function:
Phonation
Prevent food/drinks – respiratory system
Tube : cartilage (hyaline, elastic) – ligaments – skeletal muscles (intrinsic-extrinsic)MucosaEpihelium
Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
Pseudostratified
(respiratory epithelium)
Lamina
propria
:
Connective tissue, lymphatic nodules,
seromucous
glands
Vestibular fold – false vocal cord (superior)
Vocal fold - true vocal cord (inferior) - stratified
squamous
Vocalis
muscle
vocal ligament – regular dense elastic CT
Slide18Slide1919
Slide20Epiglottis
Leaf shaped
Elastic cartilage
Mucosa on both sidesLingual surface, upper laryngeal; stratified squamous epitheliumLower half respiratoryLamina propria; seromucous glands, more on laryngeal surface reside in Pock marksTaste buds
Slide21