Consequences of AMR What can we do Microbiology and the antibiotic apocalypse Dr Dave Whitworth dewaberacuk Reader in Biochemistry Microbiology and the antibiotic apocalypse What are antibiotics ID: 936009
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Slide1
What are antibiotics ?
What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ?Consequences of AMRWhat can we do ?
Microbiology and the antibiotic apocalypse
Slide2Dr Dave Whitworth
dew@aber.ac.uk
Reader in Biochemistry
Microbiology and the antibiotic apocalypse
Slide3What are antibiotics ?
Penicillin
Myxochromide
Amoxicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline,
Methicillin
, ...
Chivosazole
Slide4Virus
FungusInfectious diseases
Bacterium
Slide5Swab a surface
Spread over agar plateIncubate overnightEach cell becomes a visible colony
Slide6Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Evolutionary process – mutation and selection:
Slide7Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Evolutionary process – mutation and selection:
AM
Hospital Superbugs – MRSA,
C.
difficile
Slide8Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Evolutionary process – mutation and selection:
Probiotics
Slide9The timeline of antibiotic drug development and resistance
Gentamicin
Carbapenem
Methicillin
Streptomycin
Tetracyclin
Linezolid
Cefixime
Slide10AM1
AM2
The timeline of antibiotic drug development and resistance
Gentamicin
Carbapenem
Methicillin
Streptomycin
Tetracyclin
Linezolid
Cefixime
Slide11Slide12Data from Wales 2008
What does it mean in reality?
1-2% of hospitalisations due to sepsis (septicemia)Sepsis kills more hospitalised people than any other cause.200,000 deaths per year in the USA
Slide13O’Neill Report
Global public awarenessImprove hygiene – prevent spread of diseaseReduce use of antibiotics in agriculture
Increased monitoring of AM use and AMRNew rapid diagnostics to prevent unnecessary AM use
Increase vaccination and other alternatives to AMsSupport more jobs in infectious disease *
A global fund to support un-commercial research
Incentives to develop new and improved AMs
Slide14Public awareness:
Antibiotics only work against bacteriaMost infections are resolved by immune systemNearly ¾ of antibiotics prescribed unnecessarily
Slide15Carriage of MRSA
Hygiene:Stop spread of drug-resistant bacteria.Hand washing key – not just alcohol wipes
Slide16Alternatives to Antibiotics:
VaccinationBacteriophage TherapyOther approaches...
No new antibiotics approved since 2015
Slide17Hand Hygiene and disease transmission
Slide18Bacterial Social Predators
Potential source of new AMs and alternatives to AMsKill and eat other bacteriaAMs make prey ‘sick’ and vulnerable to attack by OMVs
A
OMV = Outer Membrane Vesicle
Slide19What are antibiotics ? What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ?
Consequences of AMR What can we do ?Microbiology and the antibiotic apocalypse