By Saji Krishna MPhil, MA, MSW, UGC NET, TEFL, PGDTE - PowerPoint Presentation

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BySaji KrishnaMPhil, MA, MSW, UGC NET, TEFL, PGDTE

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ENGLISH –THE WINDOW TO THE WORLD

English

is

the lingua-franca of the modern world

English is the language of the internetEnglish is the language of higher educationEnglish is the language of international trade, tourism, politics and literatureIn India, Tanzania, and many other countries, English is one of the official languages

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World englishesNATIVE LANGUAGE

The UKThe USA

Australia

New Zealand

CanadaSECOND LANGUAGEIndian EnglishAfrican EnglishSingaporean English etc.

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The need for a better pronunciation

“Native speakers generally understand one another

” but “Non native verities cause intelligibility problems

”

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The need for a better pronunciation

“You don’t want your pronunciation to interfere with the understanding of what you say” or “You may want to show your identity and status”

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Mother tongue influence

The sound system of Languages are different

English has its sound system, whereas Swahili has its sound system.

When a second language or foreign language is learned, always the sound system of the first language or the mother tongue colours the sound system of the target language.

Learners will have a strong tendency to hear the sounds of English in terms of the sounds of their native language.So, the vocal apparatus assimilate the foreign sounds to the sounds they are familiar with. Eg. ‘r’, ‘w’, ‘p’, ‘z’, ‘t’. ‘d’ etc.

“

One should Learn the Sounds of the Target language as they are”

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SWAHILI INFLUENCE ON ENGLISHSPEECHCONTACT

PULMONICPERCENTLINGUISTICPROCEED

THAT

BECAUSE

LANGUAGEANDINFLUENCEUSEDPROCEEDBRANCHWORDMANHAVE

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“On a Wednesday, I wanted a Pizza, so went a buffet, with a bouquet, but lost the receipt!”

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PROBLEM 2: English Orthography

English orthography is problematic. T

here’s no one to one relationship between spelling and the pronunciation

There are many silent letters which should not be pronounced.

There are silent sounds in spelling which are supposed to be pronounced. “One should Learn them as they are, no other solution”

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Problem 3: English is not a phonetic language

There are 44 sounds in English and only 26 letters

Out of these 26 letters, many are pronounced differently according to the context in which they appear.

‘C’ is a ‘k’ in cat, a ‘s’ in cigarette. ‘G’ is a ‘

dz’ in giant and a ‘g’ in target.The /ei/ sound is represented using many combinations like: ‘ai’, as in ‘main’; ‘ay’ as in ‘pay’, ‘say’, ‘day’; ‘ei’ as in leint, vein; ‘eigh’ as in ‘weight’, ‘eight’ etc.One letter represent different sounds, and same sounds are represented by different letters and letter combinations.

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G B Shaw’s funny remarks

George Bernard Shaw says that the English word ‘fish’ could be spelled as ‘

ghoti

’ : ‘gh’ as in ‘laugh’, ‘o’ as in ‘women’, and ‘ti’ as in ‘action’

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Why doesn’t it affect the native speakers?

“Native speakers of English, first speak and then write, we first write and then speak!”

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WORD STRESS

A word can be divided into syllables(the unit next in hierarchy to an individual sound)

Every content word in English has a stressed syllable which makes its pronunciation very characteristic.

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Hotel

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Hoˈ

tel

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Proˈ

fe

ssor

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Examination

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Exami

ˈnation

/

ɪgˌ

zæmɪˈneɪʃən/

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ˈ

Photograph

Pho

ˈ

tographerPhotoˈgraphic

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Try to utter these words

Police

Abdomen

Academic

CassetteEnglishJulyAcademy

Academician

Leopard

Tortoise

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Syllable stress is marked with a vertical hyphen

Po

ˈ

lice

ˈAbdomenAcaˈdemicCaˈssette

ˈ

Eng

lish

Ju

ˈ

ly

A

ˈ

ca

demy

Aca

ˈ

de

mic

Acade

ˈ

mi

cian

ˈ

Leo

pard

ˈ

Tor

toise

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Interestingly when stress changes, the WORD CLASS also changes

NOUN

VERB

‘INSULT

IN’SULT‘IMPORT IM’PORT ‘INCREASEIN’CREASE

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Words Often mispronounced with wrong placement of stressWORDS WRONGLY ACCENTED ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE

DE

VELOP DE

VE

LOPACTIVITY ACTIVITYALREADY ALREADYOCCUR OCCURPREFER PREFERPOLICE POLICEOBSERVE OBSERVEPERFORM PERFORMFORGET FORGETCAREER CAREERWORDS WRONGLY ACCENTED ON THE SECOND SYLLABLE

AT

MOS

PHERE

AT

MOSPHERE

IN

DU

STRY

IN

DUSTRY

MI

NI

STER

MI

NISTER

RE

FUGE

RE

FUGE

WRI

TTEN

WRI

TTEN

MUR

DER

MUR

DER

YEL

LOW

YEL

LOW

CA

MERA

CA

MERA

HAM

MOCK

HA

MMOCK

MU

SIC

MU

SIC

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Use of Weak Forms and Short Forms:

English has Weak forms and short forms

The grammatical words are either contracted or made weak in speaking

Prepositions, Conjunctions, Auxiliary verbs, and Personal

Pronouns are all shortenedE.g. “It is for you”- It is becomes its, for

becomes

fe

and

you

becomes

ye

“I am going to college”-

I am

becomes

am

,

to

becomes

te

“Do you like it”-

Do

becomes

d

,

you

becomes

ye

“

I and you”-

and

becomes

n

‘ I will’ - I’ll, I am - am, I would - I’d,

I

have –

I

’ve,

I’ll do it, I’d like to, I’ve done it, I would’ve gone there,

C

an ye do it, I dint want to

“

I would like to Go to London to Learn English for you!”

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Weak forms English to have a stress-timed rhythmStress in English comes in regular intervals of time

Cows eat grass

(3)

The

cows eat the grass (5)The cows are eating the grass (7)The cows have been eating the grass (8)The cows are eating the new grass (8)

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Observe, Understand, Unlearn and Relearn:

Observe, Analyse, understand Unlearn and Relearn.

Listen to a lot of Standard English like CNN, BBC, and native English movies.

Record your chunks of conversation in a tape recorder and analyse them.

Loud Reading and Silent Reading emphasizing the Pronunciation. “Why Cant You Start it from now onwards!”

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Annihilate the English phobic Syndrome:

English is just another language. Even beggars in America speak English

Don’t be shy of what others think

Practise in front of the Mirror

Talk to yourselfTalk with your friendsDare in front of Devil

“

NO ONE ELSE, ONLY YOU CAN DO THIS!”

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