Aromatherapy for Breast Cancer and Lymphedema - PowerPoint Presentation

Aromatherapy for Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Linda Anne Kahn CLT-LANA NCBTMB CMTinfo@lymphatictherapyservices.com www.aromaticwellnesswarrior.com www.beautykliniek.com LAKahn AIA 2019

Statistics Breast cancer is one of the top two causes of cancer deaths together with lung cancer in most developed countries. Geographically, breast cancer is found worldwide.99% of breast cancers occur in women with 1% in men.Incidence increases with age. Breast cancer is rare in those under the age of 30, but presents in up to 1 in 14 women over the age of 70. 15-30% of breast cancers are of the in situ type whilst 70-85% are of the invasive type. Ductal carcinoma is the most common making up 80% of all breast cancers. LAKahn AIA 2019

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in American women, with the exception of skin cancer. It accounts for one in three cancers diagnosed in women. LAKahn AIA 2019

There are many t ypes of breast cancer including Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast. Inflammatory breast cancer “Image courtesy of  myvmcstage.wpengine.com” LAKahn AIA 2019

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS),  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) - the cells that line the milk ducts of the breast have cancerous changes  In situ suggests “in its original area.Cancer cells have not spread through the walls of the ducts into surrounding breast tissue or nearby tissues in the breast  DCIS is considered non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancerIt is a Stage 0 breast cancer and is treatable Image courtesy of myvmcstage.wpengine.com ” LAKahn AIA 2019

Treatment for DCIS Lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy: This is the most common treatment for DCIS. Lumpectomy is sometimes called breast-conserving treatment because most of the breast is saved.DCIS may appear on a mammogram microcalcifications According to the American Cancer Society, about 60,000 cases of DCIS are diagnosed in the United States each year, accounting for about 1 out of every 5 new breast cancer cases LAKahn AIA 2019

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), also known as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is cancer that began growing in a milk duct and has invaded the fibrous or fatty tissue of the breast outside of the duct. IDC is the most common form of breast cancer, representing 80 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses.  “Image courtesy of myvmcstage.wpengine.com” LAKahn AIA 2019

Treatment IDC Surgery is usually the first treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma. MastectomyLumpectomy Axillary dissectionSentinel lymph node biopsy –removes only the first one to three lymph nodes in the lymphatic chain. By removing fewer lymph nodes, the chances of pain and lymphedema (chronic swelling) of the arm are reduced.If the tumor is large or the cancer has spread to many lymph nodes or other parts of the body, treatments such as chemotherapy or hormonal therapy may be given first to shrink the cancer. LAKahn AIA 2019

Inflammatory breast cancer Rare and very aggressive disease No distinct tumor or lump Cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. Breast –enlarged, aching, red, inflamed.Nodes swollen At diagnosis- stage 111 or IV diseaseSpread to lymph nodes or tissues 1 to 5% of invasive breast cancers LAKahn AIA 2019

LAKahn AIA 2019 Slides courtesy National Breast Cancer foundation

Hormone receptor positive or negative Hormone receptor positive - BC expressing estrogen receptors (ER) & progesterone receptors (PR)Hormone receptor negative - A BC that does not have estrogen and progesterone receptors HER2 positive – breast cancer depends on the gene  human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to grow. (10-20%)  Her2 negative - breast cancer that does not have excessive numbers of HER2 receptors or copies of the HER2 geneTriple negative. If a breast tumor does not express ER, PR, and/or HER2, it is called “triple negative.” Inflammatory breast cancer is often triple negative. LAKahn AIA 2019

Treatment Hormonal therapy for invasive ductal carcinomatreats cancer cells with receptors for estrogen or progesterone, or both. Hormonal therapy removes or blocks these hormones Hormonal therapy can have side effects that may include hot flashes and fatigueSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen, raloxifeneAromatase inhibitors- reduce estrogen- post menopausal women Certain essential oils have an estrogenic effect and should be avoided when being treated for estrogen dependent cancers. Fennel, Aniseed, Clary Sage, Sage, Cypress LAKahn AIA 2019

Treatment Surgical treatment of breast cancer aims to achieve total disease control through removal of the primary breast tumor, along with any local extension.Surgical treatment can be divided into major streams: Breast conserving surgery With complete local excision (CLE) or lumpectomy and axillary dissectionTotal mastectomy with axillary dissection.Axillary dissection refers to the removal of lymph nodes in the axillaThese lymph nodes are commonly the first site of metastasis of a breast tumor  Sentinel lymph node biopsy –removes only the first one to three lymph nodes in the lymphatic chain. By removing fewer lymph nodes, the chances of pain and lymphedema (chronic swelling) of the arm are reduced. LAKahn AIA 2019

Lymphatic System LAKahn AIA 2019 The lymph system, which is part of the immune system, is a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes running throughout the entire body. The lymph system transports disease-fighting cells and fluids. Clusters of bean-shaped lymph nodes are fixed in areas throughout the lymph system and act as filters by carrying abnormal cells away from healthy tissue.

The Lymphatic System LAKahn AIA 2019

The lymphatic systemMacrophage attacking e-coli The lymphatic system is an important part of our immune system It is responsible for removing wastes from the connective tissueIt is made up of lymph vessels and lymph nodes LAKahn AIA 2019

According to the World Health Organization, lymphedema affects over 250 million people worldwide. Despite this, research evaluating the lymphatic system and the effectiveness of treatment has been scarce. The unfortunate result is that far too many patients are left undiagnosed and untreated and therefore suffer unnecessary pain and suffering. LAKahn AIA 2019

What is Lymphedema Lymphedema is the abnormal level of fluid accumulation in specific areas of the body, causing swelling and or discomfort. While there is no cure, lymphedema can be managed through a multi-pronged approach. Primary – inheritedMilroys, Praecox, Tarda Secondary – trauma or blockage to lymph system Breast cancer surgery SurgeryRadiation LAKahn AIA 2019

Lymphedema 5+ million USA 5% to 40% of women will experience some level of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery LAKahn AIA 2019

Symptoms of lymphedema involve swelling & possible discomfort in the affected areas. Skin and underlying tissues in affected areas are at risk and become more susceptible to infection.It becomes difficult to fit clothes LAKahn AIA 2019

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Lymphedema Secondary to Breast Cancer LAKahn AIA 2019

Lymphedema Before After 4 weeks of therapy LAKahn AIA 2019

Effects of breast cancer surgery Experts estimate 5% to 40% of women will experience some level of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Radiation therapy can cause burns and scar tissue. There will be scar tissue from surgery Patients may be overwhelmed by many different emotions , including depression, anxiety and fear LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy interventions for Breast Cancer Patients Conventional therapies attack cancerous cells and also healthy cellsChemotherapy induced vomiting and nausea (CINV).Radiation dermatitis -Radiation burnsEssential oil treatments are best suited to protect the patient's quality of life at the different stages of the disease.Pre or post operative ChemotherapyRadiation therapyImmunotherapy treatmentPsycho-social intervention for patients LAKahn AIA 2019

Why Essential oils? Essential oils can prevent and treat infections during chemotherapy and protect the skin during radiation therapy. (Niaouli- MQV)Essential oils also manage many symptoms after completion of conventional treatments, such as fatigue, blisters, nausea, epistaxis(nosebleeds) and lymphedema. French physician Dr. Anne-Marie Giraud-Robert presented a study of her findings from more than 1,800 cancer patients at the PIA 7th Scientific Aromatherapy Conference in San Francisco Concurrent treatment with essential oils reduced side effects of the conventional drugs and improved patient quality of life and significantlyAnne-Marie Giraud-Robert. Essential Oils to Improve Quality of Life During Cancer. Essential Oils, Cancer, Degenerative, and Autoimmune Diseases, Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Aromatherapy Conference, ed. Kurt Schnaubelt (San Rafael, Calif.: Terra Linda Scent and Image, 2009), 77–118; LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy LAKahn AIA 2019

Benefits of Aromatherapy for the cancer patient The goal is to improve the client’s quality of life and help them on their healing journeySkillfully blended and customized aromatherapy blends can help with a feeling of well-being, relief of constipation, headaches, muscular pain, neuropathy, insomnia, and improved blood and lymph circulation. Blends are used for their psychotherapeutic effects as well as to assist in building a strong immune system and reduce the pain after radiation. Clients needs for aromatherapy will depend on the amount of pain experienced, condition of the skin after radiation, medication taken, sleep patterns, person’s state of mind and whether client is on chemotherapy LAKahn AIA 2019

Contraindications Although aromatherapy has wide application in cancer support, it is not necessarily safe for all patients at all times. Certain essential oils have an “estrogenic like” effect and should be avoided when treating estrogen dependent cancers. According to Franchomme & Pénöel (1990), clary sage oil is estrogen-like, due to its content of sclareol , which is said to be structurally similar to human estrogensAvoid e/o high in e-Anethole with estrogenic cancers Fennel –bitter and sweet, myrtle, Anise –star LAKahn AIA 2019

Challenges to the Breast Cancer Patient MuscularRadiation burns restricts range of motion painful MucositisHair loss Scar tissue FatigueReconstruction – scars, pain Lymphedema Depression and anxiety Neuropathy LAKahn AIA 2019

Challenges to the Breast cancer patient Muscular Tension and stiffness can occur in the muscles of the shoulder and neck, as a result of arm edemaPatients compromise their posture to accommodate pain or discomfort. The accompanying muscle tension further restricts the flow of lymph and contributes to the condition. Essential oil blends with Origanum marjorana (Marjoram), Juniperus communis (Juniper) and Anthemis Nobilus (Roman chamomile) are excellent to massage into affected areas. LAKahn AIA 2019

Radiation Radiation treatments can cause skin contractures and scars. The use of essential oils during and after radiation is finished can help prevent development of skin contractures improves the quality of the radiated skindrainage of lymph within the affected area. The redness, pain and compromised skin integrity from radiation successfully relieved with topical aromatherapyROM of arms affected - radiation burns or scars Gentle lymphatic massage on radiated skinSoothing sesquiterpenes - Carophyllene- Helicrysum, Lavender, Clary Sage, Sweet Marjoram Esters – linalyl acetate -Lavender LAKahn AIA 2019

Niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia , cineole type) Massage with oils containing Niaouli, reduce lymphatic edemas.Stimulates the immune response. Prevents radio epidermatitis during radiation therapy. Niaouli has powerful anti-infectious, antibacterial, antiviral and antimycotic properties. Niaouli –antifungalWhite blood cell count lowers during chemo= decreased immunity =risk of developing fungus during chemotherapy LAKahn AIA 2019

Radiation Gel to prevent and heal burns CarriersAloe Vera gel – soothing hydrating Rosehip Seed oil (Rosa rubiginosa ) Vit A, C excellent for healing skin Sea-buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides), protects against infections, skin regeneration and repair Taminu ( callophylum inophylum) – regenerative Essential oilsHelicrysum (helicrysum italicum) Lavender (lavendula officianalis /Maillette LAKahn AIA 2019

How can essential oils help the cancer patient during chemotherapy? Essential oils can prevent and treat infections during chemotherapy and protect the skin during radiation therapy. Niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia viridiflora ) Aromatherapy oils can stimulate the immune response- Niaouli (MQV) Essential oils also manage many symptoms that occur, such as fatigue, blisters, nausea, peripheral neuropathy Nausea Ginger co2 (Zingerbar officinales) –gingerol Fatigue -Rosemary (Rosemary officianalis), peppermint (mentha piperita)Neuropathy - Plai, Ginger LAKahn AIA 2019

Oils to help with chemotherapy Ravintsara (Cinnamomum camphora, cineol type) Sedating, promotes sleep and improves sleep quality Reduces anxietyReduces joint pains and stiffness caused by aromatase inhibitors used in the treatment of breast cancerIts antiviral activity and general improvement of immune response significantly reduce the risk of infection during chemotherapyHelichrysum is most useful in breast reconstruction anti-inflammatory, painkilling and anti-edematous effect eliminate old, hardened hematomas. tissue protective and regenerative quality -scavenges free radicalsPeppermint, ginger Co2 and cardamom for nausea Niaouli (MQV)- stimulates the immune response.Complement Ther Med. 2015 Jun;23(3):396-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 21. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Lua PL 1 ,  Salihah N 2 ,  Mazlan N 3 . LAKahn AIA 2019

Chemotherapy Essential oils can be applied in massage up to two days before a chemotherapy treatment.Lymphatic massage Essential oils should be avoided for 5-7 days after chemotherapy administration.During a chemotherapy regimen, keep the dose of essential oils low by using only two drops per ounce of carrier oil or lotion.Caution - peppermint enhances its absorption fourfold of chemotherapy drug 5FU Chemotherapy effectsWhite blood cell count lowers = decreased immunity =risk of developing systemic or oral fungus during chemotherapy LAKahn AIA 2019

Peripheral neuropathy “Pain Away” blendHelichrysum (helichrysum italicum) - anti-inflammatory Clove (syzygium aromaticum) - analgesic Peppermint (mentha piperita) - analgesic. increase circulation Sweet birch (betula lenta)- analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic Black pepper (piper nigrum)- increase circulation, warming Blue Cypress oil ( Callitris intratropica ) - anti-inflammatory, analgesic Lavender ( lavendula vera ) - soothing , analgesic, pain reducing Carrier oils - Coconut oil, arnica oil, st johns wort Supplements - Vitamin B12 and Alpha Lipoic acid LAKahn AIA 2019

Scar tissue from surgery Scar tissue can be problematic and can restrict lymph flow.Restrict movement Essential oil blendHelichrysum italicum (Helichrysum ), Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia, vera ) Rosemary (Rosemary officinalis c.verbenon )Myrrh Carrier oils - Calophyllum inophyllum, vitamin e, Rosa muscata, Moringa oil. Cross fiber massage the tissues over the area with lymphatic techniques for the reduction of scars. Cold laser LAKahn AIA 2019

Mucositis Oral mucositis plays a significant role in oral cavity infection and make patients more prone to C. albicans infection.Painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, can be treated with hydrosols. Palmarosa diluted 1000 x or palmarosa hydrosol Gargle containing 2 drops of a 1:1 mix of the essential oils of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kanuka (Kunzeaericoides ) in water. Incidence and risk factors for infection in oral cancer patients undergoing different treatments protocols. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817766Maddocks-Jennings W, Wilkinson JM, Cavanagh HM, Shillington D: Evaluating the effects of the essential oils Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) and Kunzea ericoides LAKahn AIA 2019

Gel for mucositis 30 ml AloeVera Gel – food grade3% Seabuckthorn Co2 pulp – omega 7 fatty acids, regenerate, protect mucosa15% Co2 blue chamomile (chamomelia recutitia)– anti-inflammatory1 drop Co2 Calendula Jojoba –myristic acid, anti inflammatory.50% Manuka (leptospermum scoparium)- antifungal, antibacterial .50% Helicrysum (helicrysum italicum) – inflammed mucous membranesMadeleine Kerkhof -Complementary nursing in end of life careLAKahn AIA 2019

Hydrosols for healing and radiation burns A hydrosol is the distillate water that is produced after steam distilling the plant. They contain the water soluble properties of the plant are so gentle that they can be used undiluted. The hydrosols of Pelargonium graveolens and calendula, may have potential antioxidant activityLavender Vera hydrosol sprays can help minimize radiation damage Helicrysum hydrosol for oral mucositis LAKahn AIA 2019

Side effects Aromatherapy can help the cancer patient cope with signs and symptoms caused by cancer and cancer related treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation. Anxiety, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, difficulty sleeping, and stress may be lessened by alternative treatments. Essential oils also manage many symptoms from conventional treatments, such as fatigue, blisters, nausea, (nosebleeds) and lymphedema. Benefits of aromatherapy for cancer patients include reduced anxiety levels and relief of emotional stress, pain, muscular tension and fatigueSafely choose the essential oils in combination with the client’s medical treatment and individual condition. LAKahn AIA 2019

What is the treatment of lymphedema Complex Decongestive Therapy Manual Lymphatic Drainage to stimulate the flow of lymph Deep breathing Compression garments, bandagingMeticulous skin care - risk infection Anti-inflammatory diet – reduce inflammation Aromatherapy for skin care, anxiety, lymphatic flow, infection, pain and more LAKahn AIA 2019

Dr Vodder’s Manual Lymph Drainage (MLD) Detoxifies and cleanses the connective tissue of inflammatory wastes and toxins Supports and enhances the actions of the immune systemReduces pain – blocks nociceptors Facilitates the healing of injuries and swelling and postsurgical conditionsRelaxes the sympathetic nervous system -relieve stress LAKahn AIA 2019

Lymphedema therapy The goal of treatment is to -Reduce the swelling with complex decongestive therapy (manual lymph drainage and compression) Minimize the risk of infection Reduce inflammation with essential oils Enhancing immune system function Essential oils can be used as part of a natural approach to immune system boosting A blend of Citrus limonene (lemon), Laurus nobilus (Bay), and Melaleuca alterfornia ( Teatree) would be a good immune stimulant as well as protecting against bacteria and viruses.LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy and Lymphedema Aromatherapy can be useful for the challenges with lymphedema skin care, emotional support, lymphatic circulation, radiation burns and more. Aromatherapy plays a role in treating this inflammatory condition and excellent skin care is important as the affected limb is at risk for infections. The goal is to minimize the risk of infection and reduce inflammation with essential oils Lemon, Bay, Grapefruit, Angelica, Peppermint, Copaiba Oleoresin LAKahn AIA 2019

Basic Hygiene and Skin Care for Lymphedema Keep the edematous limb very clean.Use mild soap and warm (not hot) water.Dry well in all creases between fingers and toes. Damp skin folds are prone to fungal infections; Check skin daily for signs of any changes in skin color/or temperature, irritation, blisters, cracks and calluses that could allow bacteria to grow, increasing the risk for infection. If no sores are present and the skin is dry, use non-perfumed lotion with low PH, or cocoa butter at bedtime.PH balance lotion with lavender, tea-tree, citronella, seaweed extract Essential oil blend – teatree, palmarosa geranium – antifungal for folds LAKahn AIA 2019

Infections and skin conditions Patients are faced with a multitude of challenges after surgery as well as after the onset of Lymphedema. The lymphedema patient is at risk for infections due to a compromised immune system. Patients with lymphedema of the arm are at risk for dry cracked skin and skin infections. These local infections can become systemic and become a danger to the patient’s life. Bay Laurel (Laurus Nobilis) on lymph nodesGeneral tonic and assists in lymph movement. LAKahn AIA 2019

Essential oils, Carriers, Co2 for and Skin care Aromatherapy can be useful for the challenges with lymphedema skin care, risk of infections Helichrysum –anti-inflammatory Moringa nourishing to the skin, powerful natural antioxidant, wound healing properties Taminu – (calophylum inophylum) Pomegrante seed oil Co2 (Pumica Granatum) Heals inflammation and reduce swellingCalendula Co2 – anti-inflammatory and healing LAKahn AIA 2019

Carrier oils for Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Gota Kola ( Centella asiatica ) - anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing, soothing. Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis ) - has Gammalinoleic acid (GLA) to enhance skin care. Passion flower ( Passiflora incarnata ) - improves skin elasticity Calophyllum ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) - increases cellular immunity, heals scars and burns. St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum ) - anti-inflammatory, soothing. Calendula ( Calendula officianalis )- anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing, soothing, antiseptic, anti-microbial. Borage seed (Borage officianalis )- regenerating, high in gamma linoleic acid (GLA),vitamins and minerals. Rosehip seed ( Rosa mosqueta )- excellent for dry skin, ulcers and scars. High in GLA, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Fractionated coconut oil - for dryness, wound healing, sensitive skin. LAKahn AIA 2019

Inflammation and Lymphedema Most chronic diseases are preceded by a chronic low level of inflammation.Lymphedema secondary to breast cancer surgery and radiation is an inflammatory condition.5-lipooxygenase, an important enzyme in a complex case of inflammatory events. The mechanisms of inflammation involve complex cascades of events in which the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which begins by its oxidation by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, plays an important role. Baylac and Racine ( 2003) evaluated 32 essential oils, 10 absolutes and 26 chemical constituents in vitro for their ability to inhibit 5-lipooxygenase,Myrrh, Copaiba balsam, Himalayan cedar, Sandalwood, Juniper berry and German Chamomile can be used for their anti-inflammatory effects LAKahn AIA 2019

Emotional support Healing the body mind and spirit with aromatherapy important part of the breast cancer patient’s healing journeyPatients may be overwhelmed by many different emotions, including depression, anxiety and fear Patients who have recently recovered from cancer surgery are faced with the possibility of recurring disease and often become stressed and anxious and fearful. Psychotherapeutic effects Build strong immune system. SynergiesFrankincense (Boswellia carteri) , Clary sage (Salvia sclarea ), Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens ), Neroli (Citrus aurantium var amara flos , neroli bigarade ) Diffuse or blend with lotions . LAKahn AIA 2019

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Forest Bathing - Shinrin-yoku LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy Massage and Cancer In some research studies of cancer patients, aromatherapy massage has been shown to help reduce anxiety, nausea, depression, and high blood pressure. However, other studies show no difference in patients' responses to massage with aromatherapy oils and massage without the oils.People undergoing cancer treatment have reported that inhaled peppermint or ginger relieves the nausea sometimes caused by chemotherapy and radiation. LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy massage Aromatherapy massage is a wonderful way of helping to support the patient’s mental and spiritual health and thus boost immunity. There have been many studies with aromatherapy massage and cancer patients and the results vary. Massage with or without essential oils appears to reduce levels of anxiety, however, the addition of an essential oil seems to enhance the effect of massage and to improve physical and psychological symptoms, as well as overall quality of life. There is no long lasting effect of aromatherapy massage in study, while short term improvements were reported for general well being, anxiety and depression up to 8 weeks after treatment. LAKahn AIA 2019

Aromatherapy massage Therapeutic use for pain control Alleviate psychological distress - anxiety and depression Study done in oncological palliative care patients. Aromatherapy massage canreduce stress as measured in salivary cortisol, reduce plasma BDNF levels improve a variety of psychological assessments. Significantly improved all psychological assessment scores in the Stat-Trait Anxiety Index, Beck Depression Inventory and Short Form of Psychosocial Well-being Index. Modulatory effects of aromatherapy massage intervention on electroencephalogram, psychological assessments, salivary cortisol and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Wu JJ1,  Cui Y1, Yang YS1, Kang MS1,  Jung SC 1 ,  Park HK 2 ,  Yeun HY 3 ,  Jang WJ 4 ,  Lee S 5 ,  Kwak YS 6 ,  Eun SY 7 .

Lymphatic circulation Aromatherapy blends with lemon (Citrus limonum ) and Bay (Laurus nobilus) can help Lymphatic flowBlends with Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi ), Rosemary (Rosemary officianalis ) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita ) can assist with lymph fluid circulation and elimination of wastes from the interstitial tissue. Angelica Root (angelica Archangelica ) is a made up of 70% monoterpenes and also has furocoumarins. This ancient oil is excellent to use improve lymphatic drainage, has an anti-inflammatory effect on the tissues and reduces fluid retention. It is wonderful to use to detoxify and great to relieve nervous tension. LAKahn AIA 2019

Oils for the lymphatic system Citrus – Bergamot (Citrus bergamia,) Lemon (citrus limon) , Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) , Cypress (cupresssus sempervirens ) Sweet orange (Citrus Sinesis) High in monoterpenes - antiseptic, antimicrobial, antibacterial and decongesting.Cedar (cedrus atlantica) and angelica root (angelica Archangelica) Rich in the monoterpene, a-pinene Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulating, antibacterial Bay Laurel  (Laurus nobilis ) incredible effects on both the immune system and lymphatic system Stimulates the formation of lymphocytes Immune stimulant Lymphatic regulator and aids swollen glands. Massage onto the nodes LAKahn AIA 2019

Cypress  (Cupressus Sempervirens)- high in monoterpenes (alpha pinene) Decongesting the circulatory and lymphatic systemsE dema, cellulite, varicose veins, and water retention. Stimulates blood and lymph Circulates the Qi energy of the body.Juniper Berry (juniperis communis) oil high in alpha-pinene. Detoxifier and cleanser.Promote better nerve and kidney function Aids lymphatic circulation and drainage.LAKahn AIA 2019

Grapefruit  (citrus paradisi) Up to 90% of limonene with citral, geraniol, cadinene and paradisol.Helps with fluid retention and cellulite. Diuretic, detoxifier and lymphatic stimulant Uplifts the spirits.Lemon (Citrus Limon) Lemon high in D- limonene and a- pinene Promote leukocyte formation and thus boosts immunity. Increases lymphatic function supports the immune system increases lymphatic circulation remove toxic wastes. LAKahn AIA 2019

Cancer and Essential oils LAKahn AIA 2019

Monoterpenes (MTs) Cancer prevention, inhibition, and regression are the most noteworthy attributes of the MTs. D-limonene (DL) and perillyl alcohol (POH) have been shown to be chemopreventive against mammary (Crowell, 1997), liver, lung, and UV-induced skin cancer (Uedo et al, 1999), and chemotherapeutic against both experimental mammary and pancreatic tumors Lemon (Citrus limon), Orange (Citrus aurantiumvar. sinensis per.), Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), Caraway (Carum carvi), Dill (Anethum graveolens), Bergamot (Citrus bergamia ), P eppermint (Mentha x piperita  fol.), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus ), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus ) ( Chanthai et al, 2012) http://ijpha.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/cancer-preventing-properties-of-essential-oil-monoterpenes-d-limonene-and-perillyl-alcohol/ LAKahn AIA 2019

D-Limonene The monocyclic monoterpene limonene constitutesup to 95% of orange peel oil Limonene has significant chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity without toxicity in rodents Studies - limonene in the prevention of carcinogen-induced cancer It has been shown that limonene inhibits rat mammary carcinomas DMBA (Elegbede et al., 1984), 1986; Elson and the directly acting carcinogen NMU (Maltzman et al., 1989). Wattenberg et al., 1989, 1991). Prevention and Therapy of Cancer by Dietary Monoterpenes  Pamela L. Crowell The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 129, Issue 3, March 1999, Pages 775S–778S, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.775S LAKahn AIA 2019

Cytotoxicity is the mechanism underlying chemotherapy, in which specific drugs target and kill cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect of Tea tree oil (melaleuca alternifolia)has been reported in several in vitro studies Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities have been reported for essential oils from the aerial parts of several Salvia species.For breast cancer cells (MCF-7), cinnamon,  thyme, chamomile, and jasmine essential oils had significantly stronger cytotoxicity than other oils. LAKahn AIA 2019

Antioxidant Antioxidant activity of Jasmine, Ylang-ylang, Celery and Patchouli Oil The Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis examined 13 essential oils for their antioxidant activity using three different assay systems. The study found that the main compounds of oils showing high antioxidant activity were: limonene (composition, 74.6 percent) in celery seedbenzyl acetate (22.9 percent) in jasmine alpha-pinene (33.7 percent) in juniper berry myristicin (44 percent) in parsley seed patchouli alcohol (28.8 percent) in patchouli citronellol (34.2 percent) in rose germacrene (19.1 percent) in ylang-ylang J Agric Food Chem.  2007 Mar 7;55(5):1737-42. Epub 2007 Feb 13. Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils. Wei A 1 ,  Shibamoto T . Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.     LAKahn AIA 2019

Lymphatic blend - Edema care, lymphatic drainage, skin careEssential OilsCedarwood 1 drop citral anti-inflammatory -cooling edema care, help itch, lymphatic drainage Juniper – 2 dropsCypress -5 drops 15% citral Helichrysum -3 sooth heal and comfort skin Carrier oils 50 ml aloe vera 10 ml taminu oil - cooling Centenella asiatica extract- rich in amino acids, improves elasticity and blood circulation Passion flower passiflora incarnata Taminu - calophyllum inophyllum2% eo base Keep in fridge - soothing   LAKahn AIA 2019

Essential Oils for cancer patients Lavender - Stress, insomnia, wound care, odorEucalyptus globulus or radiata – respiratory issues, wound care, odor, MRSAPeppermint – headaches, muscular aches, odor, wound care, nauseaTea Tree – yeast, wound care, rashes, MRSARoman or German Chamomile – irritated skin, constipation, colds & flu Fennel – muscular aches, constipation, dyspepsiaBergamot -stress anxiety insomnia depression stress, anxiety, insomnia, depressionYlang Ylang – stress, anxiety, depression, agitation, odorMelissa - anxiety, agitation, headaches, depressionLemon – 0dor, depression, anxiety, colds & flu, MRSA Rosemary – muscular aches, constipation, odorGinger – dyspepsia, nauseaOrange – nausea, anxiety, insomniaGeranium – dry skin, agitation, burns, itching, woundsHelichrysum – wounds, burns, cuts, hematoma, eczema LAKahn AIA 2019

Anxiolytic (Anxiety reducing) oils Oils to relieve anxiety, stress, and depression. Anxiolytic oils –lavender, rose , orange , bergamot , lemon, sandalwood , clary sage , roman chamomile and rose-scented geraniumEssential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapyPubmed/19830148 Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following Aromatherapy massage

Anxiolytic Effect of Aromatherapy Massage in Patients with Breast Cancer How aromatherapy massage influenced psychologic and immunologic parameters in 12 breast cancer patients in an open semi-comparative trial. Compared the results 1 month before aromatherapy massage as a waiting control period with those during aromatherapy massage treatment and 1 month after the completion of aromatherapy sessions. The patients received a 30 min aromatherapy massage twice a week for 4 weeks (eight times in total). The results showed that anxiety was reduced in one 30 min aromatherapy massage in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test and also reduced in eight sequential aromatherapy massage sessions in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) test. Results further suggested that aromatherapy massage ameliorated the immunologic state. Further investigations are required to confirm the anxiolytic effect of aromatherapy in breast cancer patients.Jiro Imanishi,1  Hiroko Kuriyama , 1   Ichiro Shigemori , 1   Satoko Watanabe , 1   Yuka Aihara , 2   Masakazu Kita , 1   Kiyoshi Sawai , 3   Hiroo Nakajima , 3   Noriko Yoshida , 4   Masahiro Kunisawa , 4   Masanori Kawase , 5  and  Kenji Fukui 4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2644279/ LAKahn AIA 2019

Restore essential oil blend Lovingly created and blended for Breast cancer survivors Fragonia (Agonis fragrans) Creates harmony Balancing to the emotions Antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungalAnti-inflammatory, balancing on all levels Expectorant, immune system stimulant and balancerA beautiful oil that restores and soothes the mind  Sandalwood (Santalum album)Strengthens the immune system Depression, frustration, anxiety, irritationSoothes and relax the nerves. Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia) Sedative, calming Aids: headache, nervous tension, exhaustion, depression and sleep Relieves anger and balances mood swings Boosts immunity Assists in anxiety states   Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis ) Brings happy thoughts to mind. Mood uplifting - relief from anxiety and depression Anti-inflammatory Boosts immunity   LAKahn AIA 2019

Anxiety and depression Healing the body mind and spirit with aromatherapy is an important part of the lymphedema patients healing journey Synergies for depression and feelings of despair. Essential oil bath blends for anxiety, Petigrain bigarade), (Citrus aurantium var. amara), Lavender (Lavandula officianalis ) Roman Chamomile (Anthemis Nobilus)Essential oil blends for depression Frankincense (Boswellia carteri), Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea), Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens ), Neroli - neroli bigarade (Citrus aurantium var amara flos ) Diffuse in the room or blend with lotions on the solar plexus LAKahn AIA 2019

The art of healing comes from nature and not from the physician. Therefore, the physician must start from nature with an open mind." -Paracelsuswww.lymphatictherapyservices.com www.aromaticwarrior.comwww.beautykiniek.com info@lymphatictherapyservices.com LAKahn AIA 2019 Your path to health and wellbeing

References 24 A. Sala, M. Recio, R. M. Giner, S. Manez, H. Tournier, G. Schinella, and J. L. Rios. Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Helichrysum italicum. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54, no. 3 : 365–71. (2002).Kurt Schnaubelt. The Healing Intelligence of Essential Oils. (Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT. 2011).Anne-Marie Giraud-Robert. Essential Oils to Improve Quality of Life During Cancer. Essential Oils, Cancer, Degenerative, and Autoimmune Diseases, Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Aromatherapy Conference, ed. Kurt Schnaubelt (San Rafael, Calif.: Terra Linda Scent and Image, 2009), 77–118; Tisserand R, Balacs T. Essential Oil Safety. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy Rossella Russo,1 Maria Tiziana Corasaniti,2 Giacinto Bagetta,1,3 and Luigi Antonio Morrone1,3   LAKahn AIA 2019

International Journal of Aromatherapy , Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 61-66 Michael Alexander Aromatherapy & immunity: How the use of essential oil aids immune potentiality: Part 3 immune responses to inflammation and essential oils useful in inhibiting them https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962456201800394International Journal of Aromatherapy,  Volume 11, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 220-224Michael Alexander2001,  https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/81714Aromatherapy as an Adjuvant Treatment in Cancer Care – A Descriptive Systematic Review K Boehm, A Büssing, T Ostermann https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983386 J Agric Food Chem.  2007 Mar 7;55(5):1737-42. Epub 2007 Feb 13. Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils. Wei A 1 ,  Shibamoto T . Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. Complementary Nursing in End of Life Care: Integrative Care in Palliative Care Madeleine Kerkhof - Knapp Hayes Knowledge Institute for Complementary Nursing - Kicozo Complement Ther Med.  2015 Jun;23(3):396-404. doi : 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 21. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Lua PL 1 ,  Salihah N 2 ,  Mazlan N 3 . LAKahn AIA 2019

Complement Ther Med. 2015 Jun;23(3):396-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 21. Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Lua PL1, Salihah N2 , Mazlan N3.Incidence and risk factors for infection in oral cancer patients undergoing different treatments protocols. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817766Maddocks-Jennings W, Wilkinson JM, Cavanagh HM, Shillington D:  Evaluating the effects of the essential oils Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) and Kunzea ericoides  Baylac S., Racine P. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by essential oils and other natural fragrant extracts. Int J Aroma. 2003;13:138–142 Modulatory effects of aromatherapy massage intervention on electroencephalogram, psychological assessments, salivary cortisol and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Wu JJ 1 ,  Cui Y 1 ,  Yang YS 1 ,  Kang MS 1 ,  Jung SC 1 ,  Park HK 2 ,  Yeun HY 3 ,  Jang WJ 4 ,  Lee S 5 ,  Kwak YS 6 ,  Eun SY 7 . https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/129/3/775S/4722181 Prevention and Therapy of Cancer by Dietary Monoterpenes  Pamela L. Crowell The Journal of Nutrition , Volume 129, Issue 3, March 1999, Pages 775S–778S,  https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.775S Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy, Pubmed /19830148   LAKahn AIA 2019