Seed plants are divided into two groups 1 gymnosperms which bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones Gymnosperms include conifers such as pine and spruce palmlike plants called cycads ginkgoes and the very weird ID: 583512
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Slide1
Seed PlantsSlide2
Seed plants are divided into two groups:
1. gymnosperms – which bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones.
Gymnosperms include conifers such as pine and spruce,
palmlike
plants called cycads, ginkgoes, and the very weird
gnetophytes. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30697-assignment-discovery-gymnosperms-video.htmSlide3
Phylum Gymnosperm
Gymno
= naked
sperma
= seed
“naked seed” no covering around seedDo not flowerProduce cones (acorns, pine)Shallow roots and woody stemsLeaves are needle-like and are replaced every 2 – 4 years.Slide4
Gymnosperm continued
Needles retain moisture even during cold seasons.
Grow all year
Can grow in harsh environments (cold, poor soil)
Used for lumber, making paper, wood chipsSlide5
Pollen cone Seed ConeSlide6
The pollen falls down into the seed cone and fertilization results in a zygote which grows into an embryo inside a seed.
As the seed ripens, the cone opens and releases the seeds. If the ground is
favourable
, it will grow.
The pollen cone releases million of pollen into the air which is why allergies can be triggered in the spring.Slide7Slide8
Life cycle of a gymnosperm
Cones are either male or female:
- female cone is the seed cone and found at the bottom of the tree
- male cone is the pollen cone and found in the upper treeSlide9
Angiospermae
2. Angiosperms (also called flowering plants) bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the plant.
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27703-assignment-discovery-angiosperms-video.htmSlide10
Angiospermae
Angio
= covered seed
sperma
= seed Covered seedSlide11
Produce flowers (which are unique reproductive systems)Slide12
Soft stems (herbaceous)
Broad leaves (not needles)
Deep roots
Grow in summer only (deciduous)Slide13
Pollination
Pollination is the pollen moving from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant. Slide14
Pollination can take place in 2 ways:
1. Self-pollination
:
occurs in some
flowers. Pollen from the anther fertilizes the ovule (egg) of the same plant.Cross-pollination
:
a.
birds, insects
feed on the nectar.
attracted to flower
colour
, scent, shape therefore they go to the same type of flower
carry pollen from plant to plant while feedingSlide15
b.
wind - blows pollen around Slide16
Success of angiosperm is due to:
Flowers – Do not have to depend on wind or water to fertilize/reproduce
Fruit – The wall of tissue that surrounds the seed protects it and is usually delicious. As a result, they are often eaten. By the time the seeds have cleared the animal’s digestive system and are ready to sprout, they may have travelled many kilometers.Slide17Slide18
Angiosperm are categorized in 3 ways:
Monocots (Monocotyledon)and Dicots (
Dicotyledon
)
Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed leaves or cotyledons in the plant embryo. Slide19
Seeds of the
dicot (left) and monocot (right)Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23
Add to chart the chart above (see page 570 in your text:
Monocots
Dicots
Fibrous root
TaprootSlide24
Another way to group angiosperms
2. By their stems:
Woody or herbaceous
Woody: trees, grapes, some ivy, blueberries, roses
Herbaceous: dandelions, petunias, sunflowersSlide25
Herbaceous and WoodySlide26
Another way:
3.
Annuals, biennials, perennials
Annuals: Complete their life cycle in one year
(grow, flower, produce seeds and die in one year
Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years Perennials: live for more than 2 years