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Thinking Critically Thinking Critically

Thinking Critically - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2017-10-10

Thinking Critically - PPT Presentation

2017 Chris L Peterson Is Your Ox Being Gored The Earth isnt warming If the Earth is warming it isnt caused by humans Vaccines cause autism or are otherwise unsafe Cellphones cause cancer ID: 594740

chris 2017 data peterson 2017 chris peterson data belief graphical isn

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Thinking Critically

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide2

Is Your Ox Being Gored?

The Earth isn’t warming

If the Earth is warming, it isn’t caused by humansVaccines cause autism, or are otherwise unsafeCellphones cause cancerLiving near power lines or cell towers is harmfulIntelligent design / creation scienceAcupuncture / homeopathy / chiropractic / detoxification / naturopathyDowsing / witchingOrganic foods are healthier than conventional foodsGluten sensitivity is commonGMOs are unhealthy or harmfulObjectively false beliefs:©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide3

Are you willing to honestly evaluate your beliefs?

Are you willing to change your mind?

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide4

Epistemology

/əˌpistəˈmäləjē

/noun PHILOSOPHYthe theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide5

Epistemology

Evidence-based: belief is based on the relative weight of objective evidence

Faith-based: belief is based on indoctrinated ideas, on the acceptance of ideas from trusted parties, on dogma©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide6

You cannot accurately assess news if you can’t think critically.

Critical thinking is a learned skill!

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide7

Be skeptical.

Skepticism isn’t doubt, but an

openess to changing your beliefs.©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide8

Weigh objective evidence.

Belief isn’t binary. Better evidence warrants stronger belief.

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide9

Respect expert opinion.

Respect expert consensus.

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide10

Cognitive Biases

Confirmation bias

Belief biasBackfire effect (denialism)Bandwagon effectReactanceAuthority biasIllusion of truth effect©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide11

Logical Fallacies

Argument from ignorance

Slippery slopeBlack-or-whiteFalse causeAd hominemAppeal to authorityShifting the burden of proofCherry pickingTu quoque©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide12

Graphical Data

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide13

Graphical Data

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide14

Graphical Data

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide15

Graphical Data

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide16

Correlation

vs.

Causation©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide17

Consider Sources

©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide18

Fact Checking

Is the source real and reputable?

Read the story!Check out the authorLook at quotes; check themRead commentsCheck sourcesLook for independent accountsDoes the data make sense?Be aware of your biasesUse experts: Snopes, FactCheck, PolitiFact, WP Fact Checker, MediaBiasFactCheck©2017 Chris L PetersonSlide19

©2017 Chris L Peterson