Critical Helper Who are Critical Thinkers Who are Critical Thinkers What does it mean to think critically Critical Reflection Critical Teaching Critical Helper Sternberg 1985 points out that the problems of thinking in the real world do not correspond well with the problems of the la ID: 705075
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Slide1
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide2
Who are Critical Thinkers?
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide3
Sternberg (1985) points out that “the problems of thinking in the real world do not correspond well with the problems of the large majority of programs that teach critical thinking. We are preparing students to deal with problems that are in many respects unlike those that they will face as adults” (p.194).
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide4
W
e are critical thinkers whenever
we question why we, or our partners, behave in certain
ways.
Critical
thinking is evident whenever employees question
a
certain technique, mode of production, or organizational form.
Citizens
who
question
the activities of local, regional, and national government
offices.
T
elevision
viewers who are skeptical of
the neutrality
and objectivity of television’s reporting of political
events are critical thinkers.
Who are
Critical Thinkers?
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide5
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
What does it mean to
Think Critically?
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide6
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Thinking critically
means:
ONE
FOUR
TWO
THREE
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide7
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Thinking critically
means:
We can give justifications for our ideas and actions.
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide8
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Thinking critically
means:
We try to judge the rationality of our justifications.
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide9
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Thinking critically
means:
We can think through, project, and anticipate the consequences of our actions that are based on our justifications.
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide10
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Thinking critically
means:
We can test the accuracy and rationality of our justifications against some kind of objective analysis of the “real’ world as we understand it.
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide11
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean
To think critically?
Emancipatory Learning
Dialectical Thinking
Click on a button to learn more
What does it mean to think critically
Dialogical Thinking
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide12
Emancipatory
learning
frees people from, they become aware of; personal
, institutional, or environmental forces that prevent them from seeing new directions, from gaining control of their lives, their society, and their world. Emancipatory Learning is also referred to as
Transformative Learning
.
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide13
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Click Here
Click Here
Click Here
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide14
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Socratic
questioning,
mono-logical
thinking,
multi-logical
thinking, and dialectical thinking.
Dialogical
Thinking
Involves
a dialogue or extended exchange between different points of view or frames of reference
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide15
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Critical ReflectionSlide16
What is
Critical Reflection?
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Reflective thinking/learning may be defined as the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, and which results in a changed conceptual perspective.
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical HelperSlide17
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Some researchers view reflection
as
a generic term
for:
intellectual and affective activities
which individuals engage to explore their experiences
in order to lead to new understandings and appreciationSlide18
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
The
outcome of these activities is a change in
assumptions:
the world
AND
about oneself
requiring a corresponding change in one’s behavior
and
relationships
.Slide19
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Critical HelperSlide20
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Who are
Critical Helpers?
As the facilitator of your class or workshop, you become the critical helper - the facilitator, teacher, instructor or
trainer.
We
try
to awaken, prompt, nurture, and encourage the critical thinking process without making people feel threatened or patronized. These are the skills of critical helpers.
Competent
Communicator
Risk Taker
Courageous
HumbleSlide21
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
This
is needed to ensure that people understand that alternative interpretations of the world are possible and that participants have a chance to explore these fully
.
We must communicate clearly and competently with students and in managing group activities
democratically……Slide22
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Courage
is needed to withstand the resistance to challenging
ideas.
Courage is also need in those times when teachers face condemnation and criticism of their efforts by
outsiders
and when they have to combat attempts to prevent them from engaging in this activity
.Slide23
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Risk
taking is at the heart of all creative and exciting
teaching.
A willingness to risk experimentation in one’s teaching is an important aspect of modeling change and promoting critical openness in learners
.Slide24
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Humility
is essential to teachers, lest they slip into the all-too-seductive role of the omniscient guru of critical thinking.Slide25
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Critical TeachingSlide26
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
They
exhibit the following characteristics:
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Models of Critical Teaching
In various research studies critical teaching regards the chief component of this activity as building on learners’ past experiences and existing mental structures to lead them from concrete operations to more abstract, reflective ways of thinking.
Observing role models to help us imaging, define, and practice the kinds of behaviors we would like to exhibit in our own lives is one of the most common means by which we learn.
People who are perceived as good role models by those who have fallen within their influence appear to exhibit certain features. These people are sometimes described as mentors or facilitators, the qualities they are perceived as exhibiting are precisely those of effective modelers.Slide27
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Accessibility
Consistency
Communicativeness
Specificity
Openness
ClaritySlide28
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
what
made a certain person a good model, they would find it relatively easy to specify certain behaviors and personal qualities
.
Clarity – they are perceived clearly by their observers. Put it another way, if people were asked Slide29
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Consistency
– they act in consistent ways.
They do not change their behavior or responses to similar situations in ways that appear unjustified, irrational, or capricious. When they respond in markedly different ways to what observers perceive as essentially similar situations, they are ready and able to justify and explain the reasons for these different responses.Slide30
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Openness
– they are perceived as honest and as respecting the integrity of those with whom they deal. They are willing to account for their actions, to admit to frustrations and anxieties as well as to successes and pleasures, and to admit to dilemmas and ambiguities they are facing.
They
are ready to talk publicly about why they act the way they do. They are perceived as genuinely open; their actions have an authenticity and integrity in the minds of observers. They embrace risks by inviting criticism of their views
.Slide31
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Communicativeness
They
urge that participants reflect publicly on their reactions to other people’s ideas and suggestions rather than keep these private.
They
are able to explain the reasons for their actions in terms that are understood clearly by observers. Slide32
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Specificity
They
exhibit external, specific behaviors that allow for interpretative imitation by observers.
Observers can perceive particular actions, responses, and behaviors
that they can try out, in appropriately adapted ways, in their own
contexts.Slide33
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
Accessibility They
are open to inquiries concerning their activities and are regarded by observers as moral equals, if not equals in terms of their possessing specific abilities.
Magic Button of Accessibility
Accessibility
They
are seen as accessible by observers. They do not threaten or intimidate potential imitators by presenting visions of themselves as people whose abilities are so far beyond the reach of mere mortals that any attempts at imitation are doomed to failure.Slide34
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
They
are open to inquiries concerning their activities and are regarded by observers as moral equals, if not equals in terms of their possessing specific abilities.Slide35
Who are
Critical Thinkers
What does it mean to think critically
Critical Reflection
Critical Teaching
Critical Helper
References
Sternberg, R.J. (1985). "Teaching Critical Thinking, Part l: Are We Making Critical Mistakes?"
Phi Delta Kappa,
67(3), 194-198
.
Brookfield, S.D. (1987).
Developing Critical Thinkers: Challenging Adults to Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking & Acting.
San Francisco:
Jossey
Bass Publishers.