CDA isfundamentally interested in analyzing opaque as well as transparent structural relationships of dominance discrimination power and control when these are manifested in language In other words CDA aims to investigate critically social inequality as it is expressed constituted and ID: 536537
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Slide1
What is ‘critical discourse analysis’?
“CDA [is]fundamentally interested in analyzing opaque as well as transparent structural relationships of dominance, discrimination, power, and control when these are manifested in language. In other words, CDA aims to investigate critically social inequality as it is expressed, constituted, and legitimized by language use.” (
Wodak
, 2006)Slide2
CDA
is
problem-oriented
i
s interdisciplinary
and
eclectic
aims
to critique ideologies and power as conveyed in language and other semiotic systems
a
nalyzes
textual features in light of the larger social
context
i
s
openly committed to promoting social justice while being self-reflective about this.
(
Wodak
& Meyer, p. 3)Slide3
What are CDA’s roots?
Frankfurt School critical theory
Gramsci,
Habermas
, Foucault
Hallidayan
systemic-functional grammar
Critical Linguistics
Discourse & Society
1990, Amsterdam 1991Slide4
Why has CDA been gaining in popularity?
It addresses important contemporary issues using some familiar tools and concepts from the humanities and social sciences.
It provides comprehensive, enlightening accounts of these issues.
It is broadly
transdisciplinary
.Slide5
What do we mean by ‘critical’?
“Critical approaches . . . Treat social practices not just in terms of social relationships [but] … in terms of their implications for things like status, solidarity, distribution of social goods, and power.”
--Gee, p. 33
“Critical social research [including CDA] aims to contribute to addressing the social ‘
wrongs’
of the day (in a broad sense – injustice, inequality, lack of freedom, etc.) by analyzing their sources and causes, resistances to them and possibilities of overcoming them. We can say that it has both a ‘negative and a ‘positive character.” --
Fairclough
, p. 231Slide6
Discursive practice?The discursive practice approach is grounded in four insights concerning discourse. One is the
notion that
social realities are linguistically/discursively constructed. The second is the appreciation of the context-bound nature of discourse. The third is the idea of discourse as social action. The fourth is the understanding that meaning is negotiated in interaction, rather than being present once-and-for-all in our utterances.Slide7
How does CDA differ from rhetorical analysis?
“A rhetorical analysis, using rhetoric as a hermeneutic not a heuristic, usually begins by characterizing the
rhetor
, genre, audience, subject, and occasion of a text.
” (
Fahnestock
&
Secor
)
Rhetorical analysis usually aims to show how and why a
text has particular effects or is
persuasive to a certain audience. It does not necessarily situate the text in its broadest sociopolitical context and is not necessarily critical.Slide8
CDAa
ddresses
contemporary societal issues, seeking to show how people
are manipulated
by powerful interests through the medium of public discourse.
gives
special attention to underlying factors of ideology, power,
and resistance
.
links
together analyses of text, discursive practices, and social
context.
combines
rhetorical theory and social theory.
takes
into account omissions,
implicatures
, presuppositions, ambiguities, and
other covert but powerful aspects of
discourse.
takes
note of interpersonal aspects of discourse such as politeness, identity,
and ethos
.
u
nlike
other forms of cultural criticism, they ground their analyses in close,
detailed inspection of texts.
encourages
political activism,
tries
to make
analyses
accessible to
the general
public by, for example, minimizing the use of technical jargon
and belletristic
style
.
(
Huckin
, 2002)Slide9
Some termsClassification, connotation, definition, metaphor, presupposition, modality (certitude and voice), register (style)
Deletion (e.g. “agentless passive”), foregrounding,
backgrounding
, interpersonal stance (solidarity/distance)
intertextuality
Framing, extended metaphor (root metaphor) coherence, genre,
heteroglossia
, etc.Slide10
Example: frames in coverage of wmdSlide11