Multi Increment Sample DUMIS Site Investigation Methods John Peard Roger Brewer Hawaii Department of Health June 2017 randallpearddohHawaiigov rogerbrewerdohHawaiigov 1 ID: 1045942
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1. Implementation of “Decision Unit” and“Multi Increment Sample” (DU-MIS)Site Investigation MethodsJohn Peard, Roger BrewerHawai’i Department of HealthJune 2017(randall.peard@doh.Hawaii.gov; roger.brewer@doh.Hawaii.gov)1
2. 2017 Webinar ScheduleJune 26th: Systematic Planning and Site Investigation Design (John Peard, TGM Chapter 3)June 27th: Decision Unit Designation (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapters 3)June 28th: Decision Unit Characterization: Sampling Theory and Discrete vs Multi Increment Sampling Methods (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapter 4)June 29th: Field Implementation of DU-MIS Methods (John Peard, TGM Chapters 5 & 8).2
3. Hawai′i Technical Guidance Manual (TGM)Hawai′i Department of Health, Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response; updated August 2016: www.hawaiidoh.orgReference3
4. DEPT. OF HEALTH HEER OFFICE Office of Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response (HEER Office)HEER Office Technical Guidance Manual (TGM)ONLINE TECHNICAL GUIDANCE MANUALTGM PDF download pageLog of TGM UpdatesAdditional Guidance Documentswww.hawaiidoh.org4
5. DU-MIS Guidance OrganizationTGM Section 3:Systematic Planning of Site InvestigationsDecision Unit DesignationReport PreparationTGM Section 4:Sampling TheoryUse of Multi Increment vs Discrete SamplesTGM Section 5:Field Collection of Soil and Sediment SamplesField Documentation TGM Section 8:Field Screening Methods (metals, petroleum, PCBs, etc.)5
6. 2017 Webinar ScheduleJune 26th: Systematic Planning and Site Investigation Design (John Peard, TGM Chapter 3)June 27th: Decision Unit Designation (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapter 3)June 28th: Sampling Theory and Discrete vs Multi Increment Sampling Methods (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapter 4)June 29th: Field Implementation of DU-MIS Methods (John Peard, TGM Chapters 5 & 8)Webinars will be posted on HEER Office website, Webinar page: http://eha-web.doh.hawaii.gov/eha-cma/Leaders/HEER/Webinar6
7. Initiation of DU-MIS Investigation Methods In HawaiiFormer Sugarcane Lands (2004)7
8. Hawai′i DU-MIS Guidance Development and Implementation2004: Noted extreme variability/heterogeneity of soil arsenic distribution on a 4-acre site (1,000X random variation) ;2005-2007: Conducted fieldwork utilizing MIS methods and provided training (Envirostat, Inc.) to staff, environmental consultants and labs;2008: Developed guidance for use of DU-MIS soil sampling strategy; posted to on-line TGM;2010-11: Additional guidance on DU-MIS for subsurface soil sampling, stockpile sampling, VOCs and lab processing of DU-MI samples posted;2016: Posted TGM updates for DU-MIS soil sampling strategy and published field study of discrete sample variability and unreliability for arsenic, lead, and PCB study sites in Hawaii.8
9. Section 3 - Contents3.0 Site Investigation Design and Implementation3.1 Site Investigation Scoping3.2 Systematic Planning of the Site Investigation3.3 Conceptual Site Models3.4 Selection of Decision Units3.5 Example Decision Units3.6 Sampling and Analysis Plans3.7 Quality Assurance Project Plans3.8 Data Quality Assessment3.9 Site Investigation Reports3.10 Environmental Hazard EvaluationAppendix 3-A: Guidance for Evaluation of Imported and Exported Fill Material (Including Stockpiles)Updated late 20169
10. Systematic Planning ApproachState Problem – Draft Conceptual Site Model; Identify Objectives and Contaminants of Potential Concern;Identify Data Information Needs, Gaps, How Data Will be Used;Define Decision Units (DUs);Develop Decision statements;Develop Sampling/Analysis Plan and Collect Samples;Evaluate data;Screen for Environmental Hazards (Use EALs)Refine CSM and/or Recommend Additional CharacterizationProvide an Environmental Hazard Evaluation10
11. Sanborn MapHistoric Aerial PhotoPrepare Phase 1 Assessment-Identify the Problem-Review of historical data;Review of state database;Site inspections;Interviews with workers.11
12. DirectExposureGroundwaterPrevailing WindDirectionLeachingGrossContaminationEcotoxicityStreamStreamDischarge toaquatic habitatsFree ProductDissolved plumeLeachingDrinking WaterVaporIntrusionSoilDevelop Initial Conceptual Site Model(suspect contamination, potential environmental concerns)12
13. Primary SourcesPrimary Release Mechanism2ndry Sources1Potential Environmental Hazards2Hazard Present Under Current or Future Site Conditions?CommentCurrentFutureASTs, USTs, pipelines, drums, disposal areas, etc. Spills, leaks, improper disposal Soil 3Risk to Human Health Direct Exposure YES YES Vapor Intrusion to Buildings YES YES 4Risk to Terrestrial Ecological Habitats YES YES 5Leaching YES YES 6Gross Contamination YES YES Example Conceptual Site Model13
14. Located within 150m of surface water body or sensitive aquatic habitat? Groundwater is a current or potential drinking water resource Groundwater is NOT a current or potential drinking water resource Yes Default CSM A Default CSM C No Default CSM B Default CSM D Default Site Scenarios in EALs for CSMs14
15. Summary of Common Environmental ConcernsSOILINDOOR AIRSOIL GASAquatic Habitats Human HealthDrinking Water(toxicity)Vapors IntrusionGross ContaminationTerrestrialHabitatsLeachingDirect ExposureVapors IntrusionHuman Health Gross ContaminationGROUNDWATER15
16. HDOH Environmental Action Levels (EALs)Evaluation of Environmental Hazards at Sites with Contaminated Soil and Groundwater (Summer 2016, updated January 2017).www.hawaii.gov/health/environmental/hazard/eal2005.htmlEALs for soil, soil vapor, indoor air, groundwater, surface water;Used to identify potential environment concerns;Requires the collection of samples that are representative of environmental concern of interest or other specified, investigation objective.16
17. Chemical Family vsPotential Environmental ConcernConcernChemical FamilyLeachingGasoline & diesel, chlorinated solvents, herbicides, inorganic saltsDirect ExposurePCBs, dioxins, arsenic, organochlorine pesticides, etc.Vapor EmissionsGasoline & diesel, chlorinated solvents, TerrestrialEcotoxicityPesticides, copper, nickel, etc.Gross ContaminationPetroleum, phenols, etc.17
18. Site Investigation ObjectivesHas a release occurred?Estimate lateral and vertical extent of contamination;Evaluate potential environmental hazards;Make recommendations to optimize remedial actions; Confirmation of site remediation.18
19. Decision Unit BasicsSource Area (or Spill Area) DUs:Typically few hundred to few thousand ft2;Often require multiple, subsurface “DU Layers;”Confirm outer boundary using “Perimeter” DUs.Exposure Area DUs:Represent maximum-recommended DU size for site characterization;Typically several thousand ft2 but can be smaller or larger;Site-specific or use defaults (e.g., residential 1-5,000 ft2);Use to confirm non-suspect areas of site are clean (i.e., test the entire property, not just the source areas).19
20. Decision Units (DUs)Shape, area and depth of DU depend on the site-specific and contaminant-specific investigation objective;Always characterize source areas if known;Especially important for leaching, vapor intrusion and gross contamination;Maximum Exposure Area DU size = Maximum Acceptable Exposure Area.Exposure AreasSource (Spill) AreasDetailed discussion of Decision Unitsto be presented in Webinar #2 (June 27, 2017)20
21. Exposure Area Decision UnitsNeighborhoodParkYardSandboxSize & shape of DU depends on the targeted receptor and the desired scale of the evaluation.Home RangeUtility Trench21
22. Former Maintenance Yard (10-acres)Shopping Mall RedevelopmentEntire property tested;Mix of Spill Area DUs and Exposure Area DUs.22
23. Perimeter Decision Units(used to confirm clean boundaries)Inner DUs adjacent to building suspected to be contaminated;Outer perimeter DUs predicted to be clean.23
24. Drainage Canal Decision UnitsDU-3DU-1DU-2Former Sugar MillDrainage Canal24
25. Subsurface DU Layers(cores for MI sample collection noted)-0.5m0.0m-1m-2m-3mDU Layer ADU Layer BDU Layer CDU Layer C25
26. Subsurface Decision Unit LayersPesticide Mixing SitesSpill Area DUs DeeperSpill Area DUsFormerMixing TanksShallowExposure Area DUs(surface spills)10 ft26
27. DU-3DU-1DU-2Excavation Decision Units (Sidewalls and Floor)27
28. Stockpile Decision UnitsDU volumes based on planned reuse;28
29. Table 3-1. Default DU Volumes for StockpilesReceiving Site Land Use Default DU Volume Comments Unrestricted Use (includes single-family homes) 100 yd3Assumes 5,000 ft2 reuse exposure area and six-inch placement thickness Schools and High‐Density Residential Developments 400 yd3Assumes 0.5-acre exposure area and six-inch placement thickness. Commercial or Industrial use only (formerly developed fill source) 400 yd3Assumes 0.5-acre exposure area and six-inch placement thickness. Commercial or Industrial use only (agricultural field fill source) 400 yd3 or 18 DUs Divided into minimum 18 DUs for characterization if >7,200 yd3 29
30. Residential Development (2,000 acres)Entire ag field subdivide based on crop history, pesticide use, soil type, planned development, etc.;59+ Random, one-acre, lot-size DUs also tested.30
31. Project Classification Area Recommendations Category 1 <59 Acres Phase 1 ESA One DU per acre Category 2 >59 to <118 Acres Phase 1 ESA 59 randomly located, one-acre DUs Category 3 >118 to <590 Acres Phase 1ESA Baseline Investigation59 randomly located, one-acre DUs Category 4 >590 Acres Phase 1 ESABaseline Investigation90 randomly located, one-acre DUs Investigation of Large Areas31
32. Sampling and Analysis PlansCan be in electronic format for HEER Office review;Investigation objectives need to be clear and include CSM;Should always incorporate DU-MIS approaches for site characterization;Include details on sampling tool(s) to be utilized;Include maps of DUs and summary table with DU-specific purpose, size (or estimated size), depth/thickness, volume, number of increments per sample, etc.;Include summary of COPCs, associated potential environmental hazards and EALs, lab analysis method, and estimated lab detection limits;Always specify and verify that laboratory will follow MIS processing and subsampling procedures (review their SOP, include summary of processing in report).32
33. Data Quality Assessment Data validation and assessment should include both laboratory QA/QC data as well as field replicate (triplicate) sample data;Lab and field replicate data should be assessed for both representativeness and precision;Useful to present COPC concentrations determined to be over applicable EALs on a map with the DUs.33
34. Site Investigation ReportsSite history;Site investigation objectives (including DQOs); Selection of Decision Units, including replicates;Figures displaying all DU locations on site;Identification of information needs;Sample collection and analysis methods;Summary of analytical results;Data assessment;Summary of extent and magnitude of contamination;Preliminary Environmental Hazard Evaluation;Conclusions and recommendations.34
35. EHE Report:Summary of Site Investigation Report (if not included in that report);Comparison of site data to action levels (or site-specific risk assessment);Identification of potential environmental hazards;Conclusions & Recommendations.Environmental Hazard Evaluation(TGM Section 13)35
36. 2017 Webinar ScheduleJune 26th: Systematic Planning and Site Investigation Design (John Peard, TGM Chapter 3)June 27th: Decision Unit Designation (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapter 3)June 28th: Sampling Theory and Discrete vs Multi Increment Sampling Methods (Roger Brewer, TGM Chapter 4)June 29th: Field Implementation of DU-MIS Methods (John Peard, TGM Chapters 5 & 8)36Questions?