What they do What hormones they produce The Endocrine Glands The hypothalamus gland has a very important job to connect the nervous system with the endocrine system ID: 919789
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Slide1
THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Where they are.
What they do.
What hormones they produce.
Slide2The Endocrine Glands
Slide3The hypothalamus gland has a very important job —
to connect the
nervous system with the endocrine system
. He’s a real smooth operator and releases the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in what you feel when you’re in love. He works from deep inside your brain to make hormones that make other glands make hormones. He even controls the so-called “master gland,” the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus also has a hand in regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and anger. He’s kind of a big deal.
Hypothalamus
Slide4Even though the pituitary is just a tiny little pea-sized nubbin hanging out at the
base of your brain
, he is known as the master gland because he
controls all of the other endocrine glands
(however, he is controlled, in turn, by the hypothalamus). His main functions include stimulating growth, regulating blood pressure, sex hormones, metabolism and water regulation. He’s one busy fella.Pituitary
Slide5Growth Hormone Irregularities
Slide6Whether you’re a couch potato or a marathon runner, the thyroid
tells the body how fast to go
. It makes
thyroxin
. From the front of the neck, this gland serves as the body’s gas pedal, deciding how much energy to burn. It’s metabolism central, baby. Thyroid
Slide7Thyroid
Ultrasound Image
Slide8Chronic Fatigue
Weight Gain
Puffy Face
Droopy Eyelids
DepressionSlow ReflexesMuscle Aches, Cramps, or WeaknessDecreased Sex DriveExcessive Menstrual Bleeding Premenstrual TensionAbsence of PeriodsLoss of AppetiteConstipationMemory LossDifficulty ConcentratingDry, Itchy SkinSigns and Symptoms of Hypothyroid Disease
Slide9Diarrhea
Goiter
Palpitations Nervousness Restlessness
Flushing
Heat Intolerance
Hand Tremor
Sweating
Fast Heart Rate
Increased Heart Rhythms
Protruding Eyes
Moist Skin
Menstrual Irregularity
Unintentional Weight Loss
Fatigue High Blood Pressure Hair Loss General Weakness Increased Appetite Difficulty Sleeping Involuntary Movements Clammy Skin Infrequent Periods Breast Enlargement in Men No Menstrual Period Motor Tic Flushed Complexion Loss of Part of Visual Field
Signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroid Disease
Slide10Grave’s Disease
Slide11Diagnostic Imaging
Coronal view
Sagital
view
Slide12Hyperthyroid Jungle
Michael Beckerman
2003
Acrylic on canvas
Slide13An important part of the body’s immune system, the thymus
gives infection-fighting cells — called T-cells after the thymus — a nice place to live while they grow up and get ready to fight
. Don’t be immune to his charms.
Thymus
Slide14The parathyroid glands
secrete a hormone that tells the body how to divvy up calcium between the bones and the blood
. They hang out on the
back of the thyroid gland in the neck area
, but rumors about a relationship between the two are just that — they’re just friends. Parathyroids
Slide15The adrenal glands
sit atop your kidneys
and work with the hypothalamus and pituitary glands to
regulate metabolism and immunity
. Most famously, the adrenal glands squish out the hormone adrenaline, which controls the body’s “fight or flight” response by speeding up your heart rate and otherwise pumping you up. Relax — don’t do it.Adrenal Glands
Slide16Adrenal Glands and Kidneys
Slide17Stress Response
Fight or Flight
Slide18Perceived Danger
Slide19Alarm
Slide20Response to the Danger
Slide21Slide22When this state of emergency is maintained for extended periods of time, weakening the immune system, causing interrupted sleep, exhaustion, kidney abnormalities, lower blood sugar and even hypothyroidism.
Common Causes Of Adrenal Stress:
Physical trauma
Chemical toxins Poor diet / Digestion issues Excess exercise
Lack of sleep Infections
Emotional trauma
Anxiety, depression
Prescription drugs (Many)
Pregnancy
Stress
Adrenal Fatigue
Slide23what can
i
do?
Treatment for adrenal fatigue includes lifestyle modifications, diet, rest and supplementation.
Simple changes including: breaks to rest, regular meals, light exercise and stretching, early bedtimes and sleeping more, and laughter (increases the parasympathetic supply to the adrenals) can help support the healing process of the adrenal glands.Adrenal Health
Slide24The pancreas is a cute little organ nestled between the
bottom of the stomach and the top of the small intestine
. This little guy produces digestive enzymes, but he is best known for producing the hormone
insulin
. We need insulin to help us process glucose from the blood stream. Say pancreas in Japanese: suizou!
Pancreas
Slide25Pancreas
Slide26CAUSES:
Too little food, too much insulin or diabetes medicine, or extra exercise.
ONSET:
Sudden, may progress to insulin shock. SUGAR: Below 70 mg/dL. Normal range: 70-115 mg/dL WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Drink a cup of orange juice or milk or eat several hard candiesTest Blood sugarWithin 30 minutes after symptoms go away, eat a snack
Hypoglycemia
Slide27CAUSES:
Too much food, too little insulin, illness or stress.
ONSET:
Gradual, may progress to diabetic coma. BLOOD SUGAR: Above 200 mg/dL.Normal range: 70-115 mg/dL WHAT CAN YOU DO? Test blood sugar
If over 250mg/dL for several tests, CALL YOUR DOCTOR!
Hyperglycemia
Slide28Protected by the
scrotum
, these family jewels
produce sex hormones and sperm
. Testosterone makes the man, helping sperm find and fertilize those lady eggs. Sperm is the swimming cell responsible for fertilizing the egg. Absolutely nuts!Testicles/ Testes
Slide29Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor diagnosed in men between the ages of 15 and 35. However, it is a relatively rare type of cancer, which accounts for only about 1 percent of all cancers in men.
The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 8,000 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the United States this year.
Advances in treatment mean that most men with testicular cancer, especially those diagnosed when the cancer is at an early stage, can now expect to survive the disease. In fact, the cure rate for all stages and types of testicular cancer combined is higher than 90 percent.
Testicular Cancer
Slide30The ovaries
produce eggs and release sex hormones
estrogen and progesterone
, which control all kinds of female reproductive mayhem from period regulation to babymaking. Attached to the uterus, the two ovaries take turns releasing eggs down the fallopian tubes for possible fertilization. It’s the gland of the ladies.Ovaries
Slide31Ovaries
Slide32Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women.
It is idiopathic, meaning that the exact cause is usually unknown.
The disease is more common in industrialized nations, with the exception of Japan. In the United States, females have a 1.4% to 2.5% (1 out of 40-60 women) lifetime chance of developing ovarian cancer. Ovarian Cancer
Slide33Ovarian cancer usually produces no specific signs or symptoms in the early stages. However, if symptoms such as bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, or urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency) continue for several days, you should consult with a healthcare professional.
Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed with a pelvic examination and
transvaginal
ultrasound (an imaging procedure that uses a special imaging wand inserted into the vagina to identify tumors).
Ovarian Cancer
Slide34Some Exocrine Glands