531 Origin of Fossil Fuel Petroleum amp natural gas Anaerobic decomposition of remains of organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea or lake bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions millions of years ago ID: 187762
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Slide1
5-3. fossil fuel: formation and development
5-3-1. Origin of Fossil Fuel
Petroleum &
natural gas:
Anaerobic
decomposition of remains of organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions, millions of years ago
Coal: Carbonization of terrestrial plants in sedimentary formationsSlide2
5-3-2. Formation of Fossil Fuel
http://quakeinfo.ucsd.edu/~gabi/sio15/topics/energy.htmlSlide3
http://ugmsc.wordpress.com/2011/03/30/one-day-course-review-hydrocarbon-prospect-in-western-indonesia/Slide4
An oil pump jack in southern Alberta
.
http://www.canada-maps.org/alberta-pictures.htmSlide5
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/9329185/Cairn-agrees-414m-deal-for-North-Sea-oil-field-owner-Nautical-Petroleum.html Slide6
http://www.answers.com/topic/oil-platform
offshore platforms
1, 2) conventional fixed platforms; 3) compliant tower; 4, 5) vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform; 6) Spar ; 7,8) Semi-submersibles ; 9) Floating production, storage, and offloading facility; 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility.
Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/oil-platform#ixzz33qKTN1lwSlide7
http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalkinds.htm
The kinds of coal, in increasing order of alteration, are lignite (brown coal--immature), sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite (mature). Coal starts off as peat. After a considerable amount of time, heat, and burial pressure, it is metamorphosed from peat to lignite. Lignite is considered to be "immature" coal at this stage of development because it is still somewhat light in color and it remains soft. As time passes, lignite increases in maturity by becoming darker and harder and is then classified as sub-bituminous coal. As this process of burial and alteration continues, more chemical and physical changes occur and a the coal is classified as bituminous. At this point the coal is dark and hard. Anthracite is the last of the classifications, and this terminology is used when the coal has reached ultimate maturation. Anthracite coal is very hard and shiny.
The degree of alteration (or metamorphism) that occurs as a coal matures from peat to anthracite is referred to as the "rank" of the coal. Low-rank coals include lignite and sub-bituminous coals. These coals have a lower energy content because they have a low carbon content. They are lighter (earthier) and have higher moisture levels. As time, heat, and burial pressure all increase, the rank does as well. High-rank coals, including bituminous and anthracite coals, contain more carbon than lower-rank coals which results in a much higher energy content. They have a more vitreous (shiny) appearance and lower moisture content then lower-rank coals. Slide8
Coastal exposure of the Point Aconi
Seam (bituminous coal; Pennsylvanian) exposed at Point
Aconi
, Nova Scotia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Mines_Point_Aconi_Seam_038.JPGSlide9
Panorama of open-pit mining
Garzweiler
, Germany
Shearer at work in a coal mine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SL500_01.jpgSlide10
5-4. fossil fuel: uses
5-4-1. Energy
http://www.manicore.com/anglais/documentation_a/storage.htmlSlide11
5-4-2. Other Uses
Petroleum
Olefin (alkene): plastics
Lubricants
Paraffin, wax
Sulfur, sulfuric acids
Tar –sealant
Asphalt
Petroleum coke
Aromatics
Coal
Coke
Syngas
Liquefaction fuel
Others
Natural gases
LNG (liquefied natural gas)
Fertilizers
H
2Slide12
http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/energy/nonrenewable/crude.phpSlide13
Breakdown by usage of the world coal consumption in 2007.
Source International Energy Agency, 2009
http://www.manicore.com/anglais/documentation_a/oil/coal_use.html