Biology Science of Life What do Biologists do Study past present and future life Interactions structures functions Solve biological problems Agriculture Disease ConservationRemediation to maintain diversity of life ID: 769435
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Biology: Science of Life" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Biology: Science of Life What do Biologists do? Study past, present and future life Interactions, structures , functions Solve biological problems Agriculture Disease Conservation/Remediation to maintain diversity of life
What is life? We decideHas or once had the following characteristics:1+ cellsOrganized/ComplexGrows and developsMaintain Homeostasis Reproduces Responds to Stimuli Uses Energy Adaptations Evolve
1+ cells The cell is the basic unit of life unicellular v. multicellular v. acellularOrganized/ComplexChemical complexity for structure and functionStructural organization: Atoms molecules cells tissues organs organ systems organism (assuming multicellular) How do we amend this sequence if the organism is unicellular?
Homeostasis Regulate internal conditions e x: temp, water, blood sugarGrow/develop Growth: addition of mass Increase cell size and/or increase cell numberHow does a unicellular grow; a multicellular? Development: change over time Go through stages of maturity
Respond to Stimuli Able to process and react to internal/external environ .Stimulus responseUse EnergyGet/make food (chemical energy) to fuel metabolism, convert energy (ATP) to power processes, maintain chemical disequilibrium Categorizations for how “food” is obtained by life: Autotroph (chemoautotroph or photoautotroph)Heterotroph (by ingestion or by absorption)
More on Autotrophy… There are two general processes: ___________________ use sun as energy needed to make food ____________________ use chemicals as energy to drive “food making” process Hydrothermal deep sea vents
Reproduce Species = group of organisms that can interbreed to produce viable (fertile) offspring What about individuals that cannot bear offspring??Adaptations/Evolution Change in inherited traits (genetics) in a population/species over time (generations) due to reproduction Genetic variation is a generally good thing for species survival Individuals do not biologically evolve!
Details on Characteristics Cells: Unicellular Multicellular 1 st life formsEvolved later 1 cellMore than one cellAll bacteria, most protists, some fungiAll animals, all plants, some fungiGROW by cell enlargement only GROW by cell enlargement and cell division REPRODUCE by cell division (asexual reproduction/cloning) REPRODUCE mainly by making specialized cells that combine sexually
Details on Characteristics II REPRODUCTION: Asexual Sexual Evolved first Evolved later Unicellular organisms divide to make more identical unicellularsMulticellular organisms use meiosis to make sperm/egg One “parent” – contributes 100% of genetic info Two “parents” – each contribute 50% of genetic infoMake a clone – no genetic variation between generations Genetically different offspring – more variation in population – GOOD for survivability/evolution
Details on Characteristics III Energy use Autotrophs Heterotrophs BOTH versions of organisms convert “food” energy into ATP energy to power their cellular processes!! All plants, some bacteria, some protistsAll animals, All fungi, some bacteria, some protists (NOTE: some plants can do this too! “carnivorous plants –VFT!) AKA “producers”AKA “consumers” Make own foodEat other organisms or the products of other organisms Two versions: Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis
Details on Characteristics IV Adaptation/Response Adaptation (evolution) Response (to stimuli) Long-term Short-term Population response to changing environmental conditionsImmediate feedback to stimuli More genetic variability in the population = the better able the population can adapt EX: adaption as a result of changing climate – thicker fur EX: response to changing temperatures – burrow, put on a coat
Life vs. Viruses Bacteria (2 kingdoms), protists , fungi, plants and animals are living; viruses are NOTliving things exhibit ALL characteristics of life NOTE: if you need a microscope to see, it is called a “microbe” or “microorganism”; if it causes disease we called a “pathogen”. MOST bacteria do not cause human illness!Viruses: are acellular d o not (generally) reproduce themselves d o not use energy/ have a metabolism
Chapter 1.1 Big Concepts Understand that there are 6 kingdoms (big categories!) of life and viruses are not included in any of them Reproduction of life can be sexual or asexual Obtain energy via heterotrophy and/or autotrophy (chemoautotroph, photoautotroph)Evolution results in adaptations in a population Viruses are acellular ; Life consists of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and is unicellular or multicellularLiving things can regulate their internal conditions (homeostasis)