CalEEMod Tricks of the Trade - PowerPoint Presentation

CalEEMod Tricks of the Trade Air Quality and Climate Change WorkshopAEP 2019 Conference

Session Outline General recommendations Construction : off-road, on-road, mitigation Operational: mobile, area, energy, mitigation Takeaways and Resources

General Recommendations SCAQMD’s “Tips for Using CalEEMod” extremely handy

General Recommendations The infamous “cascade defaults” button Start your run with this box checkedEnter land use data and then move to construction screen Once you start entering project-specific data UNCHECK the box Whenever you re-open your project file, you must UNCHECK the box againAlways check of your inputs before re-running a fileMake changes to defaults in small chunks – run reports frequently to make sure the model calculates properly

Construction: Off-Road Tips Make sure construction is complete during or before your operational year (selected on the Project Characteristics Screen)BE VERY WARY of construction defaults (phases and equipment) Defaults are based on acreage values in the land use screen (not sqft ) Never use defaults for projects over 4 stories tall or >35 acres in size

Construction: Off-Road Tips Do not delete equipment; enter “0” for equipment number insteadIf you change an equipment type, default HP and LF will not load If you change the default HP to a value higher than the ranges listed in Table 3.4 of Appendix D in the User’s Guide, construction emissions will be zero (e.g. >16 for dumpers/tenders)Defaults don’t account for material haul or excavation ; you need to enter this manually The default grading phase does not have graders

Construction: On-Road Tips Do not trust the default vendor trip rate! Default = 0.18 daily trips per 1,000 square feet (building construction phase)Does not take into account the construction phase duration Example: 2,000,000 square feet, 4 years of construction = 0.18 * 2,000,000 = 360 trips per day * 4 years * 260 days/year = 375,000 total vendor trips. Water trucks are included in vendor trips; but you can re-write vendor trips“# Trips per day” = one-way trips, not roundtrips. Be careful!If you have haul trucks operating during multiple phases or on a different schedule, you will need to manually account for this Enter both material import (e.g. CY) and trips per day for haul trips Silt loading values may be overestimated; use CARB method

Operation: Mobile Sources Match your VMT to the traffic study: Trip rate = one-way trips per day Primary, divert, and pass-by trip percents = be consistent with traffic reportTrip rate * land use size * trip length * 365 = annual VMT Make sure total annual VMT in output matches traffic report total VMT

Operation: Mobile Sources Default fleet mix includes all vehicle types, including HD trucks Does your traffic report include buses and HD trucks? Delivery / loading?Or only light-duty and passenger vehicles? You will need to adjust the fleet mix to account for this Does not account for land use types – all are the same

Operation: Mobile Sources

Operation: Mobile Sources CalEEMod Uses EMFAC2014 emission rates, not EMFAC2017 Key differences between 14’ and 17’:Fleet characterization: new vehicle registration data In-use emissions : extensive emission testing for LD and HD vehicle Activity profiles : new travel survey and HD truck data Natural gas trucks are included GHG module : updated emission rates and N2O emissions Transit bus module : new bus activity and emissions data

Other CalEEMod Limits Zero net energy buildingsFuture updates to Title 24 standards (e.g. 2019)Future state regulations, like RPS and SB 350Charbroiling emissions (PM, ROG, and other TACs)Short-lived climate pollutants (e.g. black carbon and HFCs) Electric pumps (e.g. pool pumps) Model-year engine requirement as mitigation

Takeaways Check all your inputs on every screen before re-running Run reports frequently and save oftenDon’t use defaults unless you have to (esp. construction) Run the right report depending on your threshold Be aware of CalEEMod limitations and model separately as neededIntegrate off-model calculations correctlyQA your results ; compare to other similar projects

Resources Resource URL CalEEMod Tips http://www.aqmd.gov/caleemod/user's-guide/users-tips ARB Biodiesel Study (2011) https://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/diesel/altdiesel/20111013_CARB%20Final%20Biodiesel%20Report.pdf https://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/diesel/altdiesel/20150521RD_StaffReport.pdf EMFAC2017 https://www.arb.ca.gov/emfac/2017/ Silt Loading https://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/areasrc/fullpdf/full7-9_2016.pdf ARB ATCM (generators) https://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/documents/FinalReg2011.pdf

Questions? For additional questions, please contact: Brian Schuster Environmental Science Associates bschuster @esassoc.com 455.262.2308

EXTRA SLIDES

Project Characteristics Screen Make sure you select correct “Operational Year” Your construction phases MUST start and end before operational yearIf analyzing GHGs, make sure you find the right utility emission factor If you want to incorporate RPS, you will need to do so manually ( CalEEMod does not account for RPS and changing power generation profiles)

Land Use Screen If you have asphalt paving, such as a road or parking lot: you MUST select a parking land use subtype (parking lot, parking structure, other asphalt surfaces, or other non-asphalt surfaces) A parking structure or other non-asphalt surfaces are assumed to be concrete with no off-gassing If you ONLY want construction emissions, enter the following: “other asphalt surfaces” for asphalt paving “User Defined Residential” and “User Defined Commercial” - specify the correct building square footage for architectural coating emissions Ensure the total acreage at the bottom of the land use screen is accurate: this is the basis for default construction schedule and equipment list. If you ONLY want operational, you must have one construction phase

Construction: On-Road Tips What about non-hauling trucks? (equipment mobilization, cement trucks, onsite pickup trucks, etc.) Option 1: increase # of truck trips to account for ALL truck types Option 2: separate phases for other truck types (no off-road equipment) Option 3: run emissions outside of CalEEMod using EMFAC2017What about onsite truck activity? E.g. driving around site run emissions outside of CalEEMod using EMFAC2017 What about truck idling? Typically 15 min per roundtrip: 5 min check-in, 5 min check-out, 5 min loading Use EMFAC2017 idling emission rates (grams per vehicle hour)

Construction: Mitigation Tips If you change construction equipment numbers, the “ Total Number of Offroad Equipments” field will not automatically update Don’t combine Tier 4 engines with DPFs ; this double-counts PM reductions (tier 4 + level III DPF = tier 4 i nterim)Tier 4 Final vs. Interim: interim reduces PM, final reduces NOX

Construction: Mitigation Tips Mitigated emissions may be higher than unmitigated emissions, depending on year of construction and engine tier: In some instances, the statewide fleet mix average for a particular equipment type, year, and HP may be lower than the engine tier standardCan’t select different mitigation options for the same equipment types in different phases; equipment is grouped by type

Construction: Out of Model Mitigation Biodiesel (or renewable diesel) reduces emissions (except for NOx) for on-road trucks and off-road equipmentCalEEMod only has B20 option for off-road equipment For other fuels (B50, B100) or on-road, calculate outside Source / Fuel On/Off -road ROG CO NOx PM CO2 CalEEMod / B20 Off-road -20% -10% +2% -10% -20% ARB 2011 / B100 Off-road -28% -25% +14% -50% -2% ARB 2011 / R 100 On-road -12% -33% -18% -28% -3%

Operation: Mobile Sources Source: ARB Workshop (November 9, 2018); preliminary results, subject to change EMFAC 2017 Update PM Change NOx Change Truck and bus rule ↑ Increase ↑ Increase Heavy-Duty PM deterioration n/a ↑ Increase Heavy-Duty Emission Rates ↑ Increase ↑ Increase Heavy-Duty Start emissions n/a ↓ Decrease Heavy-Duty Idle emission factors ↑ Increase ↑ Increase Heavy-Duty Activity Profiles ↑ Increase ↑ Increase Transit Bus Emissions / Activity ↓ Decrease ↓ Decrease Light-Duty Emission Rates n/a ↑ Increase

Operation: Area Sources & Energy Fireplaces and woodstoves are default; do you have these?All land uses have consumer products as default , including parking lots and golf courses; if you have these, adjust the emission rateArchitectural coatings: check your square footagesCalEEMod version 2016.3.2 incorporates 2016 Title 24 standardsIf your project is built after 2020, it must comply with 2019 standards Can use mitigation measure as a proxy (% below T24) Or calculate energy intensities offline and enter in the “Energy Use” tab

Operation: Mitigation What do your Traffic Report trip rates include? Are these truly “unmitigated” values? What project design features are already accounted for? Are you double-counting mitigation? Traffic mitigation based on CAPCOA (2010) methods; does not account for double-counting, so be wary of combining strategies Percent below Title 24 can be used as a proxy for future standards Electric vehicles are not a mitigation measureIf using low-VOC coatings, check your unmitigated values

Operation: Mitigation

Operation: Out of Model Mitigation Electric Vehicle (EV) InfrastructureStep one: Determine EV Ownership and use based upon infrastructure availability. Sources of data: California DMV Records CARB: Plug in Electric Vehicle Ownership Study Plug in America.Org American Public Power Association

Operation: Out of Model Mitigation Electric Vehicle (EV) InfrastructureStep Two: Determine Vehicle type being replaced by EVs. EMFAC: Light duty passenger car gasoline Light duty passenger car diesel Step Three: Determine VMT Replacement.Step Four: Determine Charging consumption (kWh)EF for electrical use for GHG emissions only

Running Reports Annual or daily?What is your threshold? BAAQMD = average dailySCAQMD = max dailyGHGs = always use annual report Off-model calculations: be careful to align your schedule of off-model emissions (like additional truck trips) with your CalEEMod phases and max daily time period

Running Reports Are you conducting an HRA? If so, you will need to calculate total annual DPM emissions (PM10) at a minimumExport to excel and convert text to number CalEEMod excel output format is funky; tread cautiously