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Indicators of Women’s Empowerment Indicators of Women’s Empowerment

Indicators of Women’s Empowerment - PowerPoint Presentation

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Indicators of Women’s Empowerment - PPT Presentation

in Developing Nations By Asmah Mallick Daisy Bui Chung Kelsey Roets Nu Kulvatee Kantachote Rachel Polster Roadmap 1 Recap of project goal 2 Methodology 3 Recommend per evaluation ID: 707392

education indicators gender recommended indicators education recommended gender health female media economic participation women contribution speech lack awareness employees

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Slide1

Indicators of Women’s Empowerment in Developing Nations

By:Asmah Mallick(Daisy) Bui ChungKelsey Roets(Nu) Kulvatee KantachoteRachel PolsterSlide2

Roadmap

1

Recap of project goal

2

Methodology

3

Recommend per evaluation

Comment on USAID

4

ConclusionSlide3

INDICATORS

Project Recap

Final Indicators

Media

Governance

Health

Education

Economic Contribution

Gender-sensitive indicators

Indentify use by international organizations

Organize by functional dimension

Evaluate and recommend indicators

Watch listSlide4

Dimension

Indicator CategoryNumber of Indentified Indicators

Economic

Contribution

Market Participation

90

Resource Equity

122

Education

Characteristics of Population9Educational System7

Other2GovernanceRepresentation

16Electoral System and Processes11

Justice19

HealthAccess and Utilization of Health Services14

Disease and Prevention16

Environmental Health4

Fertility and Population Growth12

Health Care Management5Health Expenditures

6Maternal and Infant Health12

Mental Health and Risk Behaviors5

Nutrition9Reproductive Health

9Violence against Women6MediaEqual Treatment of Media Employees

48Equal Coverage in News Reporting37Equal Expression of Freedom of Speech

122Total

581Slide5

Evaluation CriteriaDataFeasibility

AvailabilityAccuracyReliabilityEffectiveness in measuring women’s empowermentStandardized for comparisonsSlide6

Economic ContributionSlide7

Recommended Indicators: Economic Contribution, Market Participation

IndicatorsAdvantagesLimitationsLabor participation in informal economyLabor participation gapPercentage of married workforce

Feasibility

and reliability; distinction between genders

Limited use of ratios;

ignores informal workers

Women in positions of operation control or highly technical occupations

Feasibility and reliabilityVarying definitions; population at poverty levelTime spent on unpaid work

AccuracyReliabilitySlide8

Recommended Indicators: Economic Contribution, Resource Equity

IndicatorsAdvantagesLimitationsInstitutional access to creditOwnership of land and assets other than landFeasibility and accuracy

Lack of

standardization

Credit loan terms and amount

Bargaining

power outside householdHousehold decisions; unofficial loansSlide9

Recommended Economic Contribution Indicators: Comparison to USAID

CategoryMarket ParticipationResource EquityRecommended Indicators

USAID Indicators

Labor participation in informal economy

Labor

participation gap

Percentage of married workforceNumber of workers employed in sectors per year 

No marital status measurement usedNumber of women in technical occupationsNumber of women entrepreneursPercentage of business

ownership Time of unpaid workChanges in workload by genderHours spent collecting fuel or waterHours of household labor

Institutional access to creditOwnership of land Ownership of assets other than landNumber of users of various technologiesNo ownership measurement usedCredit loan terms and amountCredit loan terms and amountSlide10

Education Slide11

Recommended Indicators: Education

IndicatorAdvantagesLimitationsAdult literacy rate (Age 15 to 24)Measures effectiveness of education outcomesSelf-reporting;cannot reflect higher knowledge

Completion

rate

Future human capital; efficiency of education system

Different graduation systems

Female graduates, by field of studyCorrelations between education opportunities and gender rolesGraduation requirements differ across countries

Trained female teachersSafer and inviting classrooms; empowers female teachersLacks standardization of teacher qualifications

Gross enrollment ratio and vocational and technical enrollmentData available and inclusive; promotes underrepresented fields; engagement in relevant labor marketsUpward biasSlide12

Recommended Indicators: Education, Not Currently Used by Major Agenices

IndicatorAdvantagesLimitationsSchools with separate latrinesReliable data because physical construction is visibleData availability

Distance to school

Feasible to measure at country level

...Indicators only used by some agenciesSlide13

Recommended Indicators: Education

USAID Promotes: Removal of gender-stereotyping from materialSeparate latrines Trained female teachersUSAID Measures:Enrollment rateQuality of educationSlide14

GovernanceSlide15

Recommended Indicators: Governance

CategoryIndicatorAdvantages LimitationsGender-Responsive BudgetingGender-sensitivity trainingExpenditure to increase female voter registration

Expenditure on programs

in female voter education Expenditure on

programs to reduce discrimination

Monitor allocations; inclusion of issues on national agenda

Standardization, lack of consistent dataRepresentation

Women in decision-making positions in governmentGovernmental committees chaired by womenTracked in national databasesPotential for unqualified representatives

LegislationLegislation against domestic violenceCreates awareness of domestic violence

Varying definitionsSlide16

HealthSlide17

Recommended Indicators: Health

IndicatorAdvantagesLimitationsPresence of skilled attendant at birthMeasures progress towards improved maternal healthExclude births outside public health sectorData misrepresent

women with multiple births in a survey period

DTP3 Immunizations

(

Diphteria

, Tetanus, Pertussis)Data availability and comparabilityData indicate distributed doses but not number of immunized children

Contraception prevalenceHigh correlation between economic development and contraception prevalenceHigh comparabilitySurveys use varying definitions

Lack of data in many countries Access to sanitation and clean water, by sexDemonstrates relationship to government policy

Data not measured frequently or regularlyHIV prevalence, by sex among 15-24 year-oldsChanges reflect efficacy of prevention and education effortsStigma associated with positive HIV diagnosisSlide18

MediaSlide19

Recommended Indicators: Media, Equal Coverage in News Reporting

IndicatorResources for gender-sensitive reportingProportion of women to men as experts in storiesProportion of stories depicting gender stereotypesAdvantages

Commitment to women’s empowerment

Gender breakdown of news sources

Organization’s awareness

of gender stereotyping

LimitationsLack of awareness

Societal normsBiased resultsSlide20

Recommended Indicators: Media, Equal Treatment of Media Employees

IndicatorHuman resource policies on genderTransparent pay scaleProportion of male and female employees

Advantages

Organization’s commitment to women’s empowerment

Gender breakdown of job positions

Limitations

Lack of awareness

and enforcementLack of enforcementNot indicative of treatment of employees based on genderSlide21

Recommended Indicators: Media, Freedom of Speech

IndicatorExistence and enforcement of constitutional protection of freedom of speech Direct contact between citizens and journalists without government interferencePlurality of public and private news sources

Advantages

Legality

of free speech

Public support of free speech

Organization’s ability to exercise free speechLimitations

Frequency; constraintsFrequencyOverrepresentation of diversitySlide22

Conclusion581 indicators identified, 37 recommended

Future Research- Watch List Indictors