Chapter 12 Organic Compounds Firefighters emergency medical technicians are first responders to fires accidents and other emergency situations They are required to have an emergency medical technician certification in order to be able to treat seriously injured ID: 647861
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Slide1
Karen C. Timberlake
Lecture Presentation
Chapter 12Organic CompoundsSlide2
Firefighters/emergency medical technicians are first responders to fires, accidents, and other emergency situations. They are required to have an emergency medical technician certification in order to be able to treat seriously injured people.
Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: HydrocarbonsSlide3
Chapter
12 Readiness
Core Chemistry Skills
Drawing Lewis Structures (6.6)
Predicting Shape (6.8)
Balancing a Chemical Equation (7.1
)Slide4
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Organic compounds suchas vegetable oil contain carbon and hydrogen and are not soluble in water
.
Learning Goal Identify properties characteristic of organic or
inorganic compounds.
12.1 Organic CompoundsSlide5
An organic compoundAlways contains carbon and hydrogen atoms.May also contain other nonmetals such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or a halogen.is often found in common products such as gasoline, medicines, shampoos, plastics, and perfumes.We organize organic compounds by their functional groups, which are groups of atoms bonded in a specific way. Compounds that contain the same functional group have similar physical and chemical properties.
Organic CompoundsSlide6
Properties of Organic Compounds
Organic compounds typically
Have covalent bonds.
have low melting and boiling points.
are flammable and
undergo
combustion
.
are not soluble in water.
Vegetable
oil is a mixture of organic compounds and is not soluble in water
.Slide7
Many inorganic compounds have high melting and boiling points.Inorganic compounds that are ionic are usually soluble in water, and most do not burn in air.
Propane, C
3H8, is an organic compound used as a fuel. NaCl, salt, is an inorganic compound composed of Na+ and
Cl
−
ions.
Organic and Inorganic CompoundsSlide8
Properties of Organic and Inorganic CompoundsSlide9
Identify each characteristic as most typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic. It has a high melting point.It is not soluble in water.It contains carbon and hydrogen atoms.D. It has the formula MgCl2.
It burns easily in air.
Study CheckSlide10
Solution
Identify each characteristic as most typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic.
It has a high melting point.
inorganic
It is not soluble in water.
organic
It contains carbon and hydrogen atoms.
organic
It has the formula MgCl
2
.
inorganic
It burns easily in air.
organicSlide11
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.In organic molecules, every carbon has four bonds.In methane (CH4), the carbon atom forms an octet by sharing its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms.Three-dimensional and two-dimensional representations of methane:
(a) space-filling model, (b) ball-and-stick model, (
c) wedge–dash model, (d) expanded structural formula, and (e) condensed structural formula.
Representations of Organic CompoundsSlide12
Structures are most often represented using their corresponding two-dimensional formulas. The expanded structural formula shows all of the atoms and the bonds connected to each atom. A condensed structural formula shows the carbon atoms each grouped
with the attached number of hydrogen atoms.
Carbon Compounds: Methane (CH
4
)
CH
4Slide13
In methane (CH4), carbon forms four covalent bonds to hydrogen. Methane is tetrahedral and has bond angles of 109°.
A hydrocarbon is referred to as a saturated hydrocarbon when all the bonds in the molecule are single bonds.
Carbon Compounds: Methane (CH4
)Slide14
In ethane (C2H6), each tetrahedral carbon forms three covalent bonds to hydrogen and one to the other carbon. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional representations of ethane: (a) space-filling
model,(b) ball-and-stick model, (c) wedge–dash model,
(d) expanded structural formula, and (e) condensed structural formula.
Carbon Compounds: Ethane (C
2
H
6
)Slide15
In the butane molecule (C4H10), predict the shape around each carbon atom.
Study CheckSlide16
Solution
In the butane molecule (C4H
10), predict the shape around each carbon atom.Each carbon atom has four single covalent bonds and, therefore, a tetrahedral shape.