Chapter 8 The Pharmacy Technician Parenterals situated or occurring outside the intestine parenteral drug administration by intravenous intramuscular or subcutaneous injection 2 general types of packaging ID: 208400
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Parenteral" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Parenteral Chapter 8
The Pharmacy Technician Slide2
Parenterals
situated or occurring outside the intestine
parenteral
drug administration by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection Slide3
2 general types of packagingLarge volume parenteral
(LVP) solutions
Typically bags or bottles containing large volume of IV solutions
Uses: electrolye balance, nutrition, fluid balance Small volume
parenteral
(SVP) solutions
Generally contained in
ampules
,
pigglyback
bags, prefilled syringes and vials.
Can be added by LVP solution or injected directly into the patientSlide4
InspectionsInspect after compounding
Visually inspect before use
Visual inspections are generally performed against a brightly lit white backgroundSlide5
Characteristics
Pg. 172-173
Solutions for injection but be sterile
Solutions must be free of all visual particulate materialAll parenteral solutions must be pyrogen
-free
The solution must be stable for its intended use
The pH of an intravenous solution should not vary significantly from the physiological pH, about 7.4
IV solutions should be formulated to have an osmotic pressure similar to that of bloodSlide6
Osmotic pressure-a characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it
Isotonic-when a solution had an
osmolarity
equivalent to blood Hypertonic-when a solution has a greater
osmolarity
than that of blood
Hypotonic-when a solution has a
lesser
osmolarity
than that of blood Slide7
Parenteral Routes
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intradermal SubcutaneousEpidural Intrathecal
Intranasal
Inhalation
opthalmicSlide8
Administration Devices
Administration set
Heparin lock
PiggybackPositive Pressure Infusion DevicesCombination controllers & pumpsPeristaltic Pumps
Cassette Pumps
Syringe Pumps
Elastomeric
ReserviorsSlide9
Syringes & Needles
Basic Parts of Syringe
Barrel, plunger & tip
Syringes come in sizes ranging from 1 to 60 mBasic Parts of a NeedleBug, shaft & bevelLumen-hollow bore of the need shaft
Needles are classified by length & gauge Slide10Slide11Slide12
Filters
Used to remove particulate materials or microorganisms from solutions
Depth filters-filter that can filter solutions being drawn into or expelled from a syringe, but not both ways in the same procedure
Membrane filters-a filter that filters solution as the solution is expelled from the syringeFinal filters-filter that filters solution immediately before it enters a patient’s veinSlide13
Laminar Flow Hoods, Biological Safety Cabinets, Clean Rooms
Laminar Flow Hoods
Establishes and maintains an ultra clean work area
Used to prevent contaminationBiological Safety CabinetsTake air into the cabinet through
te
work surface and recycle it through a HEPA filter
Clean Rooms
House laminar flow hoods and biological safety cabinets
Regulations are established to maintain class 100 environmentSlide14
Aseptic Techniques
Aseptic techniques maintain the sterility of all sterile items and are used in preparing admixtures.
Clothing & barriers
Collect suppliesWash handsPosition supplies in hoodSterilize puncture surfaces
**Sterile supplies often have instructions for use as well
as expiration dates. Always follow such instructions
along with any facility or manufacture instructions. Slide15
Vials & Ampules
2 types of
parenteral
vialsVials Containing SolutionVials Containing Lypholized Powder
Ampules
-sealed glass containers with an elongated neck with a colored stripe
**potential for coring vials Slide16
Special Solutions
Parenteral
nutrition solutions are complex admixtures compose of dextrose, fat, protein, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements used to meet patient nutritional needs.
Total parenteral nutrition solutions (TPN)Dialysis solutions
Irrigation solutions
Surgical & urological