Presented By - PowerPoint Presentation

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Presented By

Name: Mohammad Akram RandhawaCountry: KSA

3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Traditional & Alternative MedicineAugust 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK 

In A

ssociation withSlide2

A review of the dermatological effects and applications of Nigella sativa (Black seed)

Department of PharmacologyCollege of Medicine, Northern Border University Arar, Saudi Arabiaبسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Prof. Mohammad

Akram

Randhawa

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IntroductionNigella

sativa (N. sativa) belongs to the family of RanunculaceaeA small shrub, commonly grows in Eastern Europe, Middle East & Western Asia. Its tiny seeds are known as “Habba Al-Sauda” in Arabic and “

Black Seed” in English. 3Slide4

Introduction (Cont.)Its seed &

oil were frequently used in ancient remedies (Unani, Ayurveda, Chinese and Arabic). Many uses of N. sativa seed are mentioned by Ibne-Sina

(980-1037) in his famous book Al-Qanoon fi el-Tib.

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Introduction (Cont.)Active

components isolated from seeds of N. sativa include: Thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, nigellimine-N-oxide, nigellicine, nigellidine and

alpha-hederin.5Slide6

Introduction (Cont.)N. sativa seed & its ingredients possess many

pharmacological effects: Immune stimulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, and anticancer effects.Reviewed by Randhawa & Alghamdi (2002), Ali & Blunden (2003), Padhye et al (2008).

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Introduction (Cont.)This presentation is

aimed to review the dermatological effects and applications of N. sativa reported in the literature.Relevant studies have been categorized as: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic. Effect on wound

healing, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, vitiligo and skin cancer.Percutaneous absorption, cosmetic applications and cutaneous side effects.7Slide8

Antibacterial Topozada

et al (1965), were first to report anti-bacterial effect of phenolic fraction of N. sativa oil.El-Fatatry (1975) isolated thymohydroquinone from N. sativa & showed its activity against gram(+) microorganisms

, including Staph aureus.Later, ether extract of N. sativa was reported to possess inhibitory effect on both gram (+) (Staph aureus) and gram (-) bacteria (Pseudomonas aerogenosa

and E. coli) (Hanafi & Hatem, 1991) .

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Antibacterial (Cont.)Ether extract of N. sativa

also showed synergistic or additive effect with:Streptomycin, gentamycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, tobramycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, lincomycin and co-trimoxazole(Hanafi & Hatem, 1991) .

N. sativa extracts also demonstrated promising results against multi-drug-resistant Staph aureus and Pseud aeruginosa. (Morsi

, 2000;; Salman et al, 2005). 9Slide10

Antibacterial (Cont.)Staphylococci usually cause pustular skin lesions.

Pustular skin infections in neonates were treated with N. sativa extract as good as topical mupirocin (Rafati et al, 2014).

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AntifungalHanafi

& Hatem (1991) were first to demonstrate inhibitory effect of ether extract of N. sativa against Candida albicans. Later, ether extract of N. sativa was reported to inhibit growth of Candida albican

yeasts in experimental animal infections (Khan et al, 2003).11Slide12

Antifungal (Cont.)Thymoquinone, a component of

N. sativa, inhibited opportunistic fungi:Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Scopulariopsis

brevicaulisComparable to amphotericin-B (Randhawa et al, 2005; Aljabre, 2005; Alqorashi et al, 2007).

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Antifungal (Cont.)13

Dermatophytes

cause skin lesions, commonly called as

‘

Tinea

’

on different parts of the body. Slide14

Antifungal (Cont.)

Ether extract of N. sativa inhibited dermatophytes isolated from sheep skin infection (Kader et al, 1995). Aljabre et al (2005) reported moderate effect of thymoquinone against clinical isolates of three main groups of

dermatophytes: Trichophyton, Epidermophyton & Microsporum.

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Antifungal (Cont.)Taha

et al (2010) found antifungal effect of thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone & thymol against clinical isolates of molds, yeasts and dermatophytes. Recently, N. sativa extract has been shown to inhibit the growth of

Madurella mycetomatis, an important causative fungus of mycetoma (Elfadil et al, 2015). 15Slide16

AntiviralN. sativa oil given

intraperitoneally for 10 days to mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus, eradicated the virus from liver and spleen. This action was possibly related to increase in M-phi & CD4 +ve T cells and INF-gamma (Salem & Hossain, 2000).N. sativa extract was also shown to possess protease inhibitory effect on human immune deficiency virus

(Ma C, 1994).16Slide17

AntiparasiticIn experimentally infected

Schistosoma mansoni mice, the antischistosomal activity of N. sativa oil was found to be comparable to prazequantel. When given in combination with prazequantel there was potenciation of its effect

(Mahmoud et al, 2002). Moreover, N. sativa seed showed biocidal activity against miracidia, cercariae and adult worms

of Schistosoma mansoni, as well as an inhibitory effect on egg-laying of adult female worms (Mohamed et al, 2005).

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Antiparasitic (Cont.)Ointment from alcoholic extract of

N. sativa seeds, applied daily for 15 weeks, significantly reduced lesion size and inflammation of cutaneous leishmaniasis produced experimentally in mice (Bafghi et al, 2011).18Slide19

Wound healingN. sativa seed and its oil were found to promote wound healing in

farm animals (Ahmed et al, 1995). Recently, using human gingival fibroblast as a monolayer, aqueous extract of N. sativa was shown to exhibit free radical scavenging activity and induced gingival fibroblast proliferationAssociated with accelerated wound closure activity despite its non-significant effect on collagen synthesis (Ab

Rahman et al, 2014). 19Slide20

PsoriasisAntipsoriatic

activity of ethanolic extract of N. sativa seed was evaluated:In vivo by using mouse tail model for psoriasis In vitro by

SRB Assay (Sulphorhodamine-B Assay), employing HaCaT human keratinocyte cell lines.20Slide21

Psoriasis (Cont.)In mouse tail model,

epidermal differentiation produced by the extract, positive control (tazarotene) and negative control was 71.36 ± 2.64%, 90.03 ± 2.00%n and 17.30 ± 4.09%, respectively.In keratinocyte cell lines, IC50 values for antiproliferant activity of the extract and positive control (asiaticoside) were 239 μg/ml and 20.13, respectively (Dwarampudi

et al, 2012).21Slide22

Acne vulgaris

In a clinical study, N. sativa oil lotion 10% significantly reduced mean lesion count of papules and pustules after 2 months of therapy (Abdul-Ameer & Al-Harchan, 2010). Results were attributed to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of N. sativa. Slide23

VitiligoLyophilized seed extract of N. sativa

and thymoquinone, showed significant darkening of isolated melanophores of wall lizard skin .Pigment cells responded by dispersion of melanin,which was antagonized by anticholinergic drugs, atropine and hyoscine, and

potentiated by an anticholinestrase agent, neostigmine (Ali & Meitei, 2011). 23Slide24

Vitiligo (Cont.)In a randomized clinical study,

N. sativa oil applied to vitiligo lesions twice daily for six months, significantly decreased vitiligo area scoring index (Ghorbanibirganet al, 2014).24Slide25

Hypersensitivity reactionsN. sativa extract ,

thymoquinone and nigellone) were shown to counter the manifestations of allergic reactions and inhibit histamine release from mast cells (Chakravorty, 1993).

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Hypersensitivity reactions (Cont.)In a clinical

study, Nigella, Betamethasone and Eucerin ointments were applied topically twice daily for 4 weeks in new cases of hand eczema. Nigella and Betamethasone showed rapid improvement in hand eczema and quality of life, as compared to Eucerin (Yousefi

, 2013). 26Slide27

Skin cancer(El-

Kadi & Kandil, 1986) were first to suggest anticancer activity of N. sativa when they found enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell activity in advanced cancer patients receiving N. sativa seed. Regarding skin,

Solami et al (1991) reported that topical application of N. sativa and Crocus sativus extracts delayed onset and reduced number of papillomas induced in mice by dimethylbenz [a] anthracene

(DMBA) / croton oil. 27Slide28

Thymoquinone was also shown to possess antitumor activity in tumor cell lines:Mouse keratinocytes, papilloma (SP-1) and spindle-17 carcinoma cells

(Gali-Muhtasib et al, 2004). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) and fibrosarcoma (FsaR) (Ivankovic et al, 2006).

Skin cancer (Cont.)28Slide29

Skin cancer (Cont.)Thymoquinone

and diosgenin, the active ingredients obtained from N. sativa and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum), respectively, showed potent bioactivity against squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Thymoquinone and diosgenin

, reduced tumor volume & mass & increased apoptosis in a mouse xeno-graft model, in vivo (Das et al, 2012). 29Slide30

Skin cancer (Cont.)Thymoquinone

inhibited migration and metastasis of mouse melanoma cells, when studied by: In vitro cell migration assayIn vivo mouse melanoma modelAhmad et al (2013)30Slide31

Percutaneous absorption

N. sativa oil was shown to increase absorption of model lipophilic drug (carvedilol), using excised rat abdominal skin. Increased permeability of carvedilol was possibly due to higher content of linoleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids in N. sativa oil (Amin et al, 2008 and 2010).

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Cosmetic applicationEmulsions with N. sativa

seedcakes was shown to reduce skin irritation and improve skin hydration as compared to placebo.Authors suggested the potential use of seedcakes in anti-aging, moisturizing, mitigating, and protective cosmetics due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (Ratz-Łyko et al, 2015).

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Cutaneous side effects

Contact dermatitis developed after the application of ointment made from the N. sativa seed oil (Zedlitz et al, 2002). Bullous drug eruption with sub-epidermal detachment and necrosis of the epidermal surface was reported in a 53 year old woman after two weeks of applying N. sativa oil to her skin (Gelot, et al 2012)

These reactions could be due to impurities in commercial black seed oil. 33Slide34

ConclusionsResearch articles on N. sativa

seed and its ingredients strongly indicate to their pharmacological potential on skin for: Microbial & parasitic infections, psoriasis, acni, vitiligo, hypersensitivity reactions & squamous cell carcinoma 34Slide35

Conclusions (Cont.)There is possibility for the development of new drugs for topical therapies from N, sativa seed, its oil and active components.

Laboratory and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of such preparations.35Slide36

Thanks a lot36Slide37

Traditional Medicine-2016

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