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Rural Crime & Justice Center Rural Crime & Justice Center

Rural Crime & Justice Center - PowerPoint Presentation

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Rural Crime & Justice Center - PPT Presentation

A University Center of Excellence Minot North Dakota Identification Opium Cocaine Marijuana Powder MethAmphetamine Rocks Chunks Crystal Pills Drug History in America Pre 1800s ID: 163921

schedule schedules cocaine marijuana schedules schedule marijuana cocaine substance 1900s controlled amphetamine abuse heroin dea 1800s potential early drug

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Slide1

Rural Crime & Justice CenterA University Center of ExcellenceMinot, North DakotaSlide2

IdentificationSlide3

OpiumSlide4

CocaineSlide5

MarijuanaSlide6

Powder

Meth/Amphetamine

Rocks/

Chunks

Crystal

PillsSlide7

Drug History in AmericaSlide8

Pre 1800s

In 1545, cannabis (marijuana) was introduced to the New World by the Spanish.

English settlers brought cannabis (hemp) to Jamestown, VA in 1611 where it became a major crop used to make rope, sails, and clothing.

George Washington grew cannabis (hemp) on his Mt. Vernon estate. Slide9

Early 1800s

Marijuana plantations flourished across the Southern US, California, and New York

.

Until after the Civil War,

marijuana

was a major source of revenue for the US.Slide10

Mid 1800s

Opium smoking

was introduced to the US by Chinese laborers who came to work on the railroads.

In 1853,

t

he hypodermic syringe was invented.

Injectable morphine was used by injured soldiers during the Civil War.Slide11
Slide12

Late 1800s

In 1884,

the US Army Surgeon

G

eneral endorsed the medical use of cocaine. At that time it was the only local anesthetic available.

In 1886, “Coca-Cola” was marketed as a syrup derived from coca leaves.

By 1890 cotton replaced hemp as the major cash crop in the South.Slide13
Slide14

Late 1800s

In 1898, the Bayer Chemical Company introduced heroin as a

medicine

and

it quickly

became

an

ingredient in

other medications

.Marijuana was widely used across the US as a medicinal drug

and could be easily purchased in

pharmacies and general stores.Slide15
Slide16

Early 1900s

By 1902, there were an estimated 200,000 cocaine addicts in the US.

In 1903, the cocaine in Coca-Cola was replaced with caffeine.

The Pure Food and Drug Act

passed in 1906.

Heroin is being used to treat morphine addiction.Slide17

Early 1900s

The Harrison Narcotics Act (1914) regulated and taxed the production and distribution of opiates and cocaine.

Amphetamine was used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, alcoholism, opiate addiction, migraines, head injuries, and irradiation sickness in the late 1920s.

Prohibition 1919-1933Slide18

Early 1900s

In 1932, amphetamine

was first marketed as Benzedrine, an over-the-counter inhaler to treat congestion.

Marijuana Tax Act of

1937

In 1937, amphetamine

became available in a tablet form by

prescription and was found to have a positive effect on some children with ADHD. Slide19
Slide20

Mid 1900s

1939 – 1945 (World War II)

An estimated 200 million amphetamine tablets were distributed to American troops.

Longest

recorded period of

wakefulness

was 54 days!

After the war, physicians prescribed amphetamines as a diet aid

and anti-depressant.

Slide21
Slide22
Slide23

Mid 1900s

Heroin use increased during the 30s and 40s through the Harlem

j

azz scene.

In 1956, heroin was outlawed and all remaining stocks were required to be surrendered to the federal government.

T

he

practice of injecting amphetamines (particularly methamphetamine) occurred during the 1950s, but the practice did not spread until the

1960s.Slide24

Late 1900s

The

Controlled Substances Act of 1970

placed all drugs into one of five schedules

.

Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com

Restricted the manufacture,

distribution

and

use

Limited the

medically

accepted

usesSlide25

Controlled Substance Schedules

Schedule I

H

igh

potential for

abuse

N

o

currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United

StatesLack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.

H

eroin

, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), peyote

,

3,4-

m

ethylene

d

ioxy

m

eth

a

mphetamine (ecstasy).

DEASlide26

Controlled Substance Schedules

Schedule II

H

igh

potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical

dependence

H

ydromorphone

(Dilaudid®), methadone (Dolophine®), meperidine (Demerol®), oxycodone (

OxyContin

®), and fentanyl (

Sublimaze

® or

Duragesic

®).

A

mphetamine

(Dexedrine®, Adderall®), methamphetamine (

Desoxyn

®), methylphenidate

(Ritalin

®), cocaine

DEASlide27

Controlled Substance Schedules

Schedule III

Potential for abuse less than

schedules I or II and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological

dependence

Combination

products containing less than

15mg

of hydrocodone per

dose (Vicodin®)

P

roducts

containing not more than

90mg

of codeine per

dose

(Tylenol with codeine®)

DEASlide28

Controlled Substance Schedules

Schedule IV

L

ow

potential for abuse relative to substances in schedule

III

P

ropoxyphene

(Darvon® and Darvocet-N 100

®)Alprazolam (Xanax®), clonazepam (Klonopin

®),

diazepam (Valium®),

lorazepam

(Ativan

®),

triazolam

(Halcion

®)

DEASlide29

Controlled Substance Schedules

Schedule V

L

ow

potential for abuse relative to schedule IV and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain

narcotics

G

enerally

used for antitussive, antidiarrheal, and analgesic

purposesCough preparations containing

no

more than

200mg

of codeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams (Robitussin AC® and Phenergan with Codeine®).

DEASlide30

Any Questions?