A University Center of Excellence Minot North Dakota Identification Opium Cocaine Marijuana Powder MethAmphetamine Rocks Chunks Crystal Pills Drug History in America Pre 1800s ID: 163921
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Slide1
Rural Crime & Justice CenterA University Center of ExcellenceMinot, North DakotaSlide2
IdentificationSlide3
OpiumSlide4
CocaineSlide5
MarijuanaSlide6
Powder
Meth/Amphetamine
Rocks/
Chunks
Crystal
PillsSlide7
Drug History in AmericaSlide8
Pre 1800s
In 1545, cannabis (marijuana) was introduced to the New World by the Spanish.
English settlers brought cannabis (hemp) to Jamestown, VA in 1611 where it became a major crop used to make rope, sails, and clothing.
George Washington grew cannabis (hemp) on his Mt. Vernon estate. Slide9
Early 1800s
Marijuana plantations flourished across the Southern US, California, and New York
.
Until after the Civil War,
marijuana
was a major source of revenue for the US.Slide10
Mid 1800s
Opium smoking
was introduced to the US by Chinese laborers who came to work on the railroads.
In 1853,
t
he hypodermic syringe was invented.
Injectable morphine was used by injured soldiers during the Civil War.Slide11Slide12
Late 1800s
In 1884,
the US Army Surgeon
G
eneral endorsed the medical use of cocaine. At that time it was the only local anesthetic available.
In 1886, “Coca-Cola” was marketed as a syrup derived from coca leaves.
By 1890 cotton replaced hemp as the major cash crop in the South.Slide13Slide14
Late 1800s
In 1898, the Bayer Chemical Company introduced heroin as a
medicine
and
it quickly
became
an
ingredient in
other medications
.Marijuana was widely used across the US as a medicinal drug
and could be easily purchased in
pharmacies and general stores.Slide15Slide16
Early 1900s
By 1902, there were an estimated 200,000 cocaine addicts in the US.
In 1903, the cocaine in Coca-Cola was replaced with caffeine.
The Pure Food and Drug Act
passed in 1906.
Heroin is being used to treat morphine addiction.Slide17
Early 1900s
The Harrison Narcotics Act (1914) regulated and taxed the production and distribution of opiates and cocaine.
Amphetamine was used to treat epilepsy, schizophrenia, alcoholism, opiate addiction, migraines, head injuries, and irradiation sickness in the late 1920s.
Prohibition 1919-1933Slide18
Early 1900s
In 1932, amphetamine
was first marketed as Benzedrine, an over-the-counter inhaler to treat congestion.
Marijuana Tax Act of
1937
In 1937, amphetamine
became available in a tablet form by
prescription and was found to have a positive effect on some children with ADHD. Slide19Slide20
Mid 1900s
1939 – 1945 (World War II)
An estimated 200 million amphetamine tablets were distributed to American troops.
Longest
recorded period of
wakefulness
was 54 days!
After the war, physicians prescribed amphetamines as a diet aid
and anti-depressant.
Slide21Slide22Slide23
Mid 1900s
Heroin use increased during the 30s and 40s through the Harlem
j
azz scene.
In 1956, heroin was outlawed and all remaining stocks were required to be surrendered to the federal government.
T
he
practice of injecting amphetamines (particularly methamphetamine) occurred during the 1950s, but the practice did not spread until the
1960s.Slide24
Late 1900s
The
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
placed all drugs into one of five schedules
.
Drug Identification Bible 2004-2005 www.drugidbible.com
Restricted the manufacture,
distribution
and
use
Limited the
medically
accepted
usesSlide25
Controlled Substance Schedules
Schedule I
H
igh
potential for
abuse
N
o
currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United
StatesLack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
H
eroin
, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), peyote
,
3,4-
m
ethylene
d
ioxy
m
eth
a
mphetamine (ecstasy).
DEASlide26
Controlled Substance Schedules
Schedule II
H
igh
potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical
dependence
H
ydromorphone
(Dilaudid®), methadone (Dolophine®), meperidine (Demerol®), oxycodone (
OxyContin
®), and fentanyl (
Sublimaze
® or
Duragesic
®).
A
mphetamine
(Dexedrine®, Adderall®), methamphetamine (
Desoxyn
®), methylphenidate
(Ritalin
®), cocaine
DEASlide27
Controlled Substance Schedules
Schedule III
Potential for abuse less than
schedules I or II and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological
dependence
Combination
products containing less than
15mg
of hydrocodone per
dose (Vicodin®)
P
roducts
containing not more than
90mg
of codeine per
dose
(Tylenol with codeine®)
DEASlide28
Controlled Substance Schedules
Schedule IV
L
ow
potential for abuse relative to substances in schedule
III
P
ropoxyphene
(Darvon® and Darvocet-N 100
®)Alprazolam (Xanax®), clonazepam (Klonopin
®),
diazepam (Valium®),
lorazepam
(Ativan
®),
triazolam
(Halcion
®)
DEASlide29
Controlled Substance Schedules
Schedule V
L
ow
potential for abuse relative to schedule IV and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain
narcotics
G
enerally
used for antitussive, antidiarrheal, and analgesic
purposesCough preparations containing
no
more than
200mg
of codeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams (Robitussin AC® and Phenergan with Codeine®).
DEASlide30
Any Questions?