Presentations text content in 新 SAT
Slide1
新
SAT
社会科学类文章
Social Science
Slide2引言
This passage is excerpted from Carly Wood, Valier Gladwell and JoBarton, "A Repeated Measures Experiment of School playingEnvironment to increase Physical Activity and Enhance Self-Esteem inUK School Children."@ 2014 by Wood et al.
研究运动和自尊之间关
系
Slide3The health benefits of engaging in physical activity (PA) during childhood include enhanced fitness, cognitive function and bone health; reduced body fatness, motor skillLine development, and favorable cardiovascular and metabolic 5 disease risk profiles. Being active during childhood can also improve self-esteem and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participation in PA in youth is of great importance as PA may track into adulthood where adequate levels of PA are protective against many chronic diseases. 10 However, in the UK approximately 75% of boys and 80% of girls aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity . . .
运动的重要性；
UK
的孩子们，没有达到
基本运动量
Slide4Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood 15 which enables children to develop a relationship with their surrounding environment and enhances social skills, coordination and strength. Outdoor environments facilitate play and are associated with increased levels of PA. Thus, children should be provided with daily opportunities to play 20 Outdoors. The school environment provides such an opportunity through the provision of playtime. Playtime normally takes place on the concrete school playground and lasts for at least one hour per day. However, universally playtime is reported to make relatively small contributions to 25 children’s overall daily activity requirements. In the UK, only one known study has reported the contribution of playtime to overall activity requirements, with contributions being as low as 4.5%.
unstructured play
非常重要，孩子需要
outdoor
玩耍，学校提供了
playtime
，
但
是普通的
playtime
满足不了
activity requirements
Slide5A number of studies have successfully increased playtime 30 PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment, playground markings, fitness breaks and playground structures. However, these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA. Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and 35 therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.
很多类型的
intervention
对
structured PA
有帮助
，
对
unstructured PA
没有帮助，增加
unstructured PA
很重要
Slide6Natural environments can encourage unstructured play and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime. Natural environments provide large open spaces which encourage individuals to be active, whilst areas 40 lacking nature may restrict PA due to limited space and parental fears over crime and road traffic. Children report a preference for play in natural environments, with nature facilitating more imaginative and inventive play. Furthermore, adolescents living in urban settings with access 45 to green spaces such as parks are more likely to be physically active than their peers without park access: indicating that all forms of nature can be used as a tool for engaging youth in PA. Thus, if school playtime were performed on the school field, it is possible that children’s PA levels would be50 increased. To date, there is a lack of data quantifying the impact of natural environments on levels of PA in children, particular y within the school setting.
All natural environments
都对
unstructured PA
有帮助，但是量化关系，还没有数据。在学校的
field
上进行
playtime
，可以增加
PA
水平。
Slide7Performing PA in a natural environment ("Green Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide55 improvements in self-esteem in adults, whether participants are simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with natural environments. Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other60 environments. However, the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering.* The task-oriented, structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect. Unstructured free play in a natural environment may65 allow greater interaction with the environment, thus benefiting self-esteem.
在
natural environment
中的
PA
可以增加成年人的自尊，孩子中，没有发现这个效果。
orienteering
的
intervention
对
green exercise
没有什么帮助。还是
unstructured free play
对
self-esteem
有好处。
Slide8Unstructured，free，nature environmental playtime对PA level，self-esteem很重要；现在的很多interventions作用不大。
中心思想
Slide9Slide10The
main purpose of the passage is
to
A) defend an unpopular belief
B) confirm a previously untested hypothesis.
C) summarize various studies of a social condition.
D) debunk common misconceptions surrounding
an issue
.
Slide11正确选项选择
C
，直接对应标题“
"A Repeated Measures Experiment of School playing Environment to increase Physical Activity and Enhance Self-Esteem in UK School Children
.”
A
选项
unpopular belief
错误
B
选项
untested hypothesis
错误
D
选项
common misconception
错误
Slide12As
used in line 8, "track" most nearly
means
A) carry.
B) assign.
C) monitor.
D
) linger.
Slide13Participation in PA in youth is of greatimportance as PA may track into adulthood where adequatelevels of PA are protective against many chronic diseases.
正确答案选择
D linger
A
选项
carry
和
B
选项
assign
，放回原文需要用“被动语态”
C
选项
monitor
和
track
含义不相关
（做
SAT
单词题，需要考虑到语法中的“主被动语态”
）
Slide14The statistics about UK children (lines 10-13) primarily serve to A) encourage readers to become more active. B) call attention to a particular situation. C) transition to a discussion of unstructured and structured play. D) introduce an argument that the authors will later contradict.
10 However
, in the UK approximately 75% of boys and 80% of
girls
aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily
recommendation
of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous
physical
activity . .
.
Slide15B
选项，
particular situation
指的是“
not meeting the daily recommendation”
，真确
A
选项，
reader to become more active
，错误
C
选项，定位的原文没有讨论
unstructured
和
structured play
，错误
D
选项，定位的原文是提供论据，不是论点，错误
Slide16The author implies that studies that have increased playtime physical activity are accurate, because they depict the benefits of play across all social groups.correct, because they have allowed for the purchase of playground structures and other equipment to help facilitate play.faulty, because they ignore the importance of natural environments.limited, because they do not study socio-emotional development
无定位的细节类题目，判断下一题是否是
command of evidence
题
Slide17Which
choice provides the best evidence
for
the
answer to the previous question
?
lines
29-32 ("A number . . . structures")
lines
32-33 ("However . . .
PA”)
lines
34-35 ("Unstructured . . .
playtime”)
lines
36-38 ("Natural . . playtime")
Slide1829-32
：
A number of studies have successfully increased playtime PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment, playground markings, fitness breaks and playground structures.
32-33
：
However, these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA.
34-35
：
Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.
36-38
：
Natural environments can encourage unstructured play and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime.
Slide19根据四个选项，可以判断第四题的
A
和
B
两个选项是错误
。
第四题
的
C
选项，
natural environment
，定位的四处原文没有讨论，错误
。
第四题
的
D
选项，
socio-emotional
对应
unstructured PA
，原文
14
行“
Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood which enables children to develop a relationship with their surrounding environment and enhances social skills, coordination and strength.”
第四题是推理题，做答比较难
。
Slide20第五题的
C
选项，“
therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.”
对应第四题的
D
选项，“
they do not study socio-emotional development”
，需要被
encouraged
，暗示之前没有考虑到，正确
答案。
第五题的
B
选项，“
these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA.”
，是一个客观观点，并没有说明
studies
有没有
limited
，
错误。
Slide216. What does the author claim about "Green exercise" (lines 53-54) It benefits adults self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-esteem.Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.
原文
53-60
：
Performing PA in a natural environment ("Green Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide improvements in self-esteem in adults, whether participants are simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with natural environments. Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.
Slide22A
选项“
It benefits adults self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.”
和原文对应“
Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.”
，
正确
B
选项“
Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-esteem.”
，
the best way
，极端词，
错误
C
选项“
Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.”
，原文没有讨论
green exercise
对
self-esteem
的影响方式，
错误
D
选项“
Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.”
，
only
，极端词，错误
（含有极端词，
only
，
all
，
every
等的选项，一般为错误选项）
Slide23What does the author imply about physical activity in a natural environment?Scientific studies have determined that physical activity can only benefit self-esteem in adults.The relationship between physical activity in nature and self-esteem requires further study.Although it has been studied, physical activity in a natural environment‘s effects are unclear in both children and adults.Physical activity in a natural environment benefits self-esteem in both children and adult.
没有定位的全文细节题，看下一题是不是
command of evidence
题
Slide24Which
choice provides the best evidence for the
answer
to
the previous question?
lines
57-60 ("Studies . . . environments")
lines
60-62 ("However . . . Orienteering”
)
lines
62-64 ("The task-oriented . . .
effect”)
lines
64-66 ("Unstructured . . . self-esteem")
Slide25A选项，57-60：Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments. B选项，60-62：However, the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering.C选项，62-64：The task-oriented, structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect. D选项，64-66：Unstructured free play in a natural environment may allow greater interaction with the environment, thus benefiting self-esteem.因为针对孩子的唯一研究中，包含了orienteering，而orienteering可能对green exercise effect没有帮助，所以，对应了第7题的B选项“The relationship between physical activity in nature and self-esteem requires further study.”所以，第7题，选择B第8题，选择C
6,7,8
三个题目，是针对原文同一处内容的理解进行题目设计
，体现
了
SAT
针对“
understanding
”
的考查
Slide26Which
of
author‘s
claims about self-esteem does
the
chart
best support
?
Unstructured
PA in a natural environment
may
benefit
self-esteem in
children.
Boys‘
self-esteem benefits less than
girls’
from PA
in
both
structured and unstructured
settings.
Studies
of orienteering do not provide
enough
information
to study effects on self-
esteem.
Structured
PA on playgrounds provides
greater
benefits
to self-esteem than other activities do.
Slide27Slide28Unstructured
PA in a natural environment
may
benefit
self-esteem in children.
对应图表内容，
正确
Boys‘
self-esteem benefits less than
girls’
from PA
in
both
structured and unstructured settings.
作者没有在原文中表达过类似观点，
错误
Studies
of orienteering do not provide
enough
information
to study effects on self-esteem.
图表里面没有涉及
orienteering
，
错误
Structured PA on playgrounds provides greater
benefits to self-esteem than other activities do.
图表里面没有指明提高的
self-esteem
是来自于
structured PA
，错误
Slide29It
can reasonably be inferred from
the
chart
that
Girls
enjoyed playing more than boys.
Playgrounds
and fields are the only
two
viable
options for physical activity
in
children.
Boys
are equally happy playing
anywhere.
PA
on playgrounds increased average self
-esteem
more than PA in fields.
Slide30A) Girls enjoyed playing more than boys.
图表中看不出女孩
enjoy
还是
not enjoy
，错误
B
) Playgrounds and fields are the only two
极端词汇
only
，
错误
viable
options for physical activity
in
children
.
C
) Boys are equally happy playing anywhere.
图表中看不出男孩是
equally happy
，错误
D
) PA on playgrounds increased average self-
和图表内容匹配，
正确
esteem
more than PA in fields.
Slide3111 The difference between the average increase in girls' self
-esteem
and boys' self-esteem post-play is closest
to
A) 0.3
B) 0.5
C) 0.68
D
) 0.83
Slide32根据图表，可以看出差异是
0.3
左右，正确选项是
A
Slide33作业：
社会
科学 可汗
45
篇
level
2
和
level
3
新 SAT
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