新 SAT - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

新

SAT

社会科学类文章

Social ScienceSlide2

引言

This passage is excerpted from Carly Wood, Valier

Gladwell and JoBarton, "A Repeated Measures Experiment of School playingEnvironment to increase Physical Activity and Enhance Self-Esteem inUK School Children."@ 2014 by Wood et al.

研究运动和自尊之间关

系Slide3

The

health benefits of engaging in physical activity (PA

) during childhood include enhanced fitness, cognitive function and bone health; reduced body fatness, motor skillLine development, and favorable cardiovascular and metabolic 5 disease

risk profiles. Being active during childhood can also

improve self-esteem and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participation in PA in youth is of great importance as PA may track into adulthood where adequate levels of PA are protective against many chronic diseases. 10 However, in the UK approximately 75% of boys and 80% of girls aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity . . .

运动的重要性；

UK

的孩子们，没有达到

基本运动量Slide4

Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood 15 which enables children to develop a relationship with their surrounding environment and enhances social skills, coordination and strength. Outdoor environments facilitate

play and are associated with increased levels of PA. Thus, children should be provided with daily opportunities to play 20 Outdoors. The school environment provides such an opportunity through the provision of playtime. Playtime normally takes place on the concrete school playground and lasts for at least one hour per day. However, universally playtime is reported to make relatively small contributions to 25 children’s overall daily activity requirements. In the UK, only

one known study has reported the contribution of playtime to overall activity requirements, with contributions being as low as 4.5%.

unstructured play

非常重要，孩子需要

outdoor

玩耍，学校提供了

playtime

，

但

是普通的

playtime

满足不了

activity requirementsSlide5

A number of studies have successfully increased playtime 30 PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment, playground markings, fitness breaks and playground structures. However, these types of interventions

tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA. Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and 35 therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.很多类型的intervention对structured PA有帮助，对unstructured PA没有帮助，增加unstructured PA很重要Slide6

Natural

environments can encourage unstructured play

and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime. Natural environments provide large open spaces which encourage individuals to be active, whilst areas 40 lacking

nature may restrict PA due to limited space and

parental fears over crime and road traffic. Children report a preference for play in natural environments, with nature facilitating more imaginative and inventive play. Furthermore, adolescents living in urban settings with access 45 to green spaces such as parks are more likely to be physically active than their peers without park access: indicating that all forms of nature can be used as a tool for engaging youth in PA

. Thus, if school playtime were performed on the school

field, it is possible that children’s PA levels would be50 increased. To date, there is a lack of data quantifying the

impact

of natural environments on levels of PA in children,

particular y within the school setting.

All natural environments

都对

unstructured PA

有帮助，但是量化关系，还没有数据。在学校的

field

上进行

playtime

，可以增加

PA

水平。Slide7

Performing

PA in a natural environment ("Green

Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide55 improvements in self-esteem in adults, whether participants are simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with

natural environments. Studies in adolescents and

children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other60 environments. However, the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering.* The task-oriented, structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect. Unstructured free play in a natural environment may65 allow greater interaction with the environment, thus

benefiting self-esteem.在natural environment中的PA

可以增加成年人的自尊，孩子中，没有发现这个效果。

orienteering

的

intervention对green exercise没有什么帮助。还是

unstructured free play

对

self-esteem

有好处。Slide8

Unstructured

，

free，nature environmental playtime对PA level，self-esteem很重要；现在的很多interventions作用

不大

。中心思想Slide9
Slide10

The

main purpose of the passage is

to A) defend an unpopular belief B) confirm a previously untested hypothesis. C) summarize various studies of a social condition. D) debunk common misconceptions surrounding an issue.Slide11

正确选项选择

C

，直接对应标题“"A Repeated Measures Experiment of School playing Environment to increase Physical Activity and Enhance Self-Esteem in UK School Children.”A选项 unpopular belief错误B选项 untested hypothesis错误D

选项

common misconception 错误Slide12

As

used in line 8, "track" most nearly

means A) carry. B) assign. C) monitor. D) linger.Slide13

Participation in PA in youth is of great

importance as PA may

track into adulthood where adequatelevels of PA are protective against many chronic diseases.正确答案选择D lingerA选项carry和B

选项

assign，放回原文需要用“被动语态”C选项 monitor和track含义不相关（做SAT单词题，需要考虑到语法中的“主被动语态”）Slide14

The

statistics about UK children (lines 10-13)

primarily serve to A) encourage readers to become more active. B) call attention to a particular situation. C) transition to a discussion of unstructured and structured play. D) introduce an argument that the authors will later contradict.

10 However

, in the UK approximately 75% of boys and 80% of girls aged 5-10 years are not meeting the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity . . .Slide15

B

选项，

particular situation指的是“not meeting the daily recommendation”，真确A选项，reader to become more active，错误C选项，定位的原文没有讨论unstructured和structured play

，错误

D选项，定位的原文是提供论据，不是论点，错误Slide16

The

author implies that studies that have

increased playtime physical activity are accurate, because they depict the benefits of play across all social groups.

correct

, because they have allowed for the purchase of playground structures and other equipment to help facilitate play.faulty, because they ignore the importance of natural environments.limited, because they do not study socio-emotional development无定位的细节类题目，判断下一题是否是command of evidence题Slide17

Which

choice provides the best evidence

for the answer to the previous question?lines 29-32 ("A number . . . structures")lines 32-33 ("However . . . PA”)

lines

34-35 ("Unstructured . . . playtime”)lines 36-38 ("Natural . . playtime")Slide18

29-32

：

A number of studies have successfully increased playtime PA through the introduction of interventions such as sports or games equipment, playground markings, fitness breaks and playground structures. 32-33：However, these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA. 34-35：Unstructured PA is essential to childhood development and therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime. 36-38

：

Natural environments can encourage unstructured play and may therefore play a role in facilitating unstructured PA during playtime.Slide19

根据四个选项，可以判断第四题的

A

和B两个选项是错误。第四题的C选项，natural environment，定位的四处原文没有讨论，错误。

第四题

的D选项，socio-emotional对应unstructured PA，原文14行“Unstructured play is also an essential part of childhood which enables children to develop a relationship with their surrounding environment and enhances social skills, coordination and strength.”第四题是推理题，做答比较难。Slide20

第五题的

C

选项，“therefore needs to be encouraged during playtime.”对应第四题的D选项，“they do not study socio-emotional development”，需要被encouraged，暗示之前没有考虑到，正确答案。 第五题的

B

选项，“these types of interventions tend to facilitate structured rather than unstructured PA.”，是一个客观观点，并没有说明studies有没有limited，错误。Slide21

6. What does the author claim about "Green exercise" (lines 53-54)

It benefits adults self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-

esteem.

Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.原文53-60：Performing PA in a natural environment ("Green Exercise") has also been demonstrated to provide improvements in self-esteem in adults, whether participants are simply viewing scenes of nature or directly interacting with natural environments. Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.Slide22

A

选项“

It benefits adults self-esteem but its effects on children have not been fully determined.”和原文对应“Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments.”，正确B选项“ Looking at images of natural environments is the best way to improve self-esteem.”，the best way，极端词，

错误

C选项“Adolescents do not benefit from green exercise in the same way that adults do.”，原文没有讨论green exercise对self-esteem的影响方式，错误D选项“Self-esteem can only rise through direct interaction with the environment.”，only，极端词，错误（含有极端词，only，all，every等的选项，一般为错误选项）Slide23

What

does the author imply about physical activity in a natural environment

?Scientific studies have determined that physical activity can only benefit self-esteem in adults.The relationship between physical activity in nature

and self-esteem requires further study.Although it has been studied, physical activity in a natural environment‘s effects are unclear in both children and adults.Physical activity in a natural environment benefits self-esteem in both children and adult.没有定位的全文细节题，看下一题是不是command of evidence题Slide24

Which

choice provides the best evidence for the

answer to the previous question? lines 57-60 ("Studies . . . environments")lines 60-62 ("However . . . Orienteering”)

lines

62-64 ("The task-oriented . . . effect”)lines 64-66 ("Unstructured . . . self-esteem")Slide25

A

选项，

57-60：Studies in adolescents and children suggest that Green Exercise has no such additive effect on self-esteem compared to exercise in other environments. B选项，60-62：However, the only known study in children examined the impact of a green playtime intervention consisting of orienteering.C选项，62-64：The task-oriented, structured nature of orienteering may not facilitate the green exercise effect.

D

选项，64-66：Unstructured free play in a natural environment may allow greater interaction with the environment, thus benefiting self-esteem.因为针对孩子的唯一研究中，包含了orienteering，而orienteering可能对green exercise effect没有帮助，所以，对应了第7题的B选项“The relationship between physical activity in nature and self-esteem requires further study.”所以，第7题，选择B第8题，选择C6,7,8

三个题目，是针对原文同一处内容的理解进行题目设计

，体现了SAT针对“understanding”的考查Slide26

Which

of

author‘s claims about self-esteem does the chart best support?Unstructured PA in a natural environment may benefit

self-esteem in

children.Boys‘ self-esteem benefits less than girls’ from PA in both structured and unstructured settings.Studies of orienteering do not provide enough information to study effects on self-esteem.Structured PA on playgrounds provides greater benefits to self-esteem than other activities do.Slide27
Slide28

Unstructured

PA in a natural environment

may benefit self-esteem in children.对应图表内容，正确Boys‘ self-esteem benefits less than girls’ from PA in

both

structured and unstructured settings.作者没有在原文中表达过类似观点，错误Studies of orienteering do not provide enough information to study effects on self-esteem.图表里面没有涉及orienteering，错误Structured PA on playgrounds provides greater benefits to self-esteem than other activities do.图表里面没有指明提高的self-esteem是来自于structured PA，错误 Slide29

It

can reasonably be inferred from

the chart that Girls enjoyed playing more than boys.Playgrounds and fields are the only two

viable

options for physical activity in children.Boys are equally happy playing anywhere.PA on playgrounds increased average self-esteem more than PA in fields.Slide30

A) Girls enjoyed playing more than boys.

图表中看不出女孩

enjoy还是not enjoy，错误 B) Playgrounds and fields are the only two极端词汇only，错误viable options for physical activity in

children.C) Boys are equally happy playing anywhere. 图表中看不出男孩是equally happy，错误D) PA on playgrounds increased average self- 和图表内容匹配，正确esteem more than PA in fields.Slide31

11 The difference between the average increase in girls' self

-esteem

and boys' self-esteem post-play is closest to A) 0.3 B) 0.5 C) 0.68 D) 0.83Slide32

根据图表，可以看出差异是

0.3

左右，正确选项是ASlide33

作业：

社会

科学 可汗45篇 level 2 和 level 3