SAVANT SYNDROME - PowerPoint Presentation

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SAVANT SYNDROME - PPT Presentation

Gizem Şamdan 05052014 Outline Savant Syndrome is a remarkable condition in which pe ople with autism mental handicaps or major mental illness have exceptional abilities ID: 395357

skills savant kim syndrome savant skills syndrome kim www 2014 abilities left savants disability ability autistic families brain amp

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Slide1

SAVANT SYNDROME

Gizem Şamdan05.05.2014Slide2

OutlineSlide3

Savant Syndrome

... is a remarkable condition in which

people with autism, mental handicaps or major mental illness, have exceptional abilities in a specific area in contrast to their overall disability

Savant

wise

human

» in French

first

term

‘

idiot-savant’

Down (1887)

to describe intellectually impaired individuals with

contrasting outstanding abilities.

More recently

the terms

‘

monosavant

’

(

Charness

, Clifton, & MacDonald,

1988) and

‘savant syndrome’

(

Treffert

, 1989) have

come into general usage

.Slide4

Savant Syndrome

cont.

Rare condition:- 1 in 1000 in an institutionalized population with a dignosis

mental

retardation

- But

in 10 autistic

ople

show

some

savant

skills

bout

50% of

ople

with

savant syndrome have autistic disorder and

the

other

50% have other forms of developmental

disability,

mental

retardation or other CNS injury or disease

Males

outnumber females

an approximate ratio of 6 to 1

Congenital

Acquired

Savant

syndrome can be

congenital

from

birth

or it can be

acquired

following

brain injury or disease later in

lifeSlide5

Two Types:

Talented Savants

: the most common type- the individual displays a high level of ability that is in contrast to their disability and overall

functioning

These

abilities

are

called

«Splinter

Skills

Prodigious Savants

the

rarest

type

the

ability or brilliance is not only spectacular in contrast to the disability, but would be spectacular even

for

non-disabled person

.Slide6

Savant Skills

The abilities are usually in art, music, calendar calculation, mathematics or spatial skills.

Memorization - superior memory is a common feature of savant syndromeLightening calculation - instantaneous calculation of multiplications, square roots, etc.Calender calculating

the

ability to identify the day of the week upon which a particular date

fallsSlide7

Savant Skills

Musical ability - great skill in playing instruments or singing

; the piano is the most popular instrument. (Ex:the ability to play the piano without being taught.)Artistic ability - exceptional painting, sculpture and especially drawing skillsLanguage ability - fairly rare - the person may be unusually gifted in languages.Mechanical or spatial skills:

the capacity

to measure distances precisely without benefit of instruments, the mastery

of mapmaking and direction

finding

.Slide8

Savant Skills

cont.

The skills tend to be right hemisphere oriented: - These skills can be characterized as non-symbolic, artistic, concrete, and directly perceived, in contrast to left hemisphere skills that are more sequential, logical, and symbolic.Generally a single special skill exists, but in some instances several skills exist simultaneously.

Whatever the particular savant skill, it is always linked to massive memory.

Savant

skills characteristically continue, rather than

disappear, and with continued use, the special abilities

either persist at the same level or actually

increase

.Slide9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TarUCbKWeXM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anzYFC8gYY0Slide10

Theories

No single theory has emerged that can explain all savants

:Biological-Developmental - genetic, neurochemical, left hemisphere dysfunction, frontal and temporal lobe damage Cognitive - deficits in executive function and abstract thinking may

cause

highly

developed procedural memory and

photographic

imagery

(

Happé

, 1994;

Schopler

Mesibov, 1995)Deficit in theory of mind (Frith, 1989

)

odularity

of mind

when

executive cognitive functions are disrupted the mind exhibits a striking modular organization (Smith & Tsimpli, 1995)Slide11

How

do they do it?

Increasingly plausible explanation for savant abilities in many cases is left brain injury with right brain compensation. Slide12

Genes?

It is possible that a gene, or genes, in the chromosome 15q11-13

region may be responsible for the savant skills.Nurmi and colleagues (2003) identified (among 94 families) 21 families as “savant

skills positive” and 73 families as “savant skill negative.”

Slide13

Kim Peek, the R

eal «Rain Man»

a prodigious savantthe inspiration for the character played by Dustin Hoffman in the movie.born with severe brain damage. His childhood doctor told Kim's father to put him in an institution and forget about the boy. Kim's father disregarded the doctor's advice.

Kim is

severely disabled, has difficulty walking

and

cannot

even

button his

shirt

. His IQ tests are well below average.His deficits result from corpus callosum

disorder

.Slide14

Nickname:

"Kimputer"

What Kim can do is astounding: He has read 12,000 books and remembers everything about them. Reads two pages at once - his left eye reads the left page, and his right eye reads the right page. It takes him about 3 seconds to read through two pages - and he

can

remember everything

Kim

can recall facts and trivia from 15 subject areas from history to geography to sports.

also remembers every music he has ever

heard

Tell him a date, and Kim can tell you what day of the week it is

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhcQG_KItZMSlide15

References

Better Health Channel. (2014).

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Savant Syndrome

Accessed