Spanish Armada - PowerPoint Presentation

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Spanish ArmadaSlide2

Stems from Protestant ReformationHenry VIII had two daughtersMary [Bloody Mary] (Catholic)Elizabeth (Anglican)King Phillip II of Spain was married to Mary, Queen of EnglandThey were co-monarchs over EnglandPeople feared Spain would control EnglandReturned England back to Catholicism

Mary dies, Elizabeth becomes QueenBackgroundSlide3

Elizabeth makes the Church of England Anglican againPhillip II thinks she is a hereticDutch revolt in the Spanish NetherlandsProtestants revolting against Catholic SpainElizabeth supported the revoltFrancis Drake and his “sea-dogs”Pirates looting the treasures of Spanish trade ships coming back from the New WorldElizabeth makes Francis a knight (now Sir Francis Drake)

Elizabeth executes Mary Queen of ScotsMary had promised to give Phillip the English throne if she became QueenPhillip II plans to have her overthrownSupported by the Pope; called it a “crusade”

Bad

Blood Between Mary and PhillipSlide4

Spanish for “naval fleet”130 ships8,000 sailors18,000 soldiersTo set sail from Portugal30,000 Spanish soldiers in the Netherlands were to be picked up to be taken to lead a land invasion of EnglandOriginal experienced commander, Santa Cruz, died

Replaced by an wealthy and experienced army generalHe had never been on a boat beforeThe ArmadaSlide5

Outnumbered Spanish ships 200-130However, they were smaller shipsmore maneuverableHalf of the firepower of SpainFar less cannonsLed by Sir Francis DrakeA pirate

English ForceSlide6

Mostly a testing out periodSpain had advantage in close fightingMore powerful cannonsWould use grappling hooks to board the enemy ships and fight hand-to-handEngland kept their distanceNo ships were destroyedBesides two Spanish ships that crashed into each otherDrake snuck off at night to loot these two shipsEnded up learning that due to space, Spain could not reload their cannons

1st

BattleSlide7

The Armada anchored off the coast of the Netherlands to pick up troopsProblems:Troops were not equipped and readyNo deep-water port, and no small boatsNobody could actually pick up the troopsTrouble Picking up the TroopsSlide8

Armada was anchored at sea in a tight groupEngland sacrifices eight ships, sets them on fire, and sent them sailing towards the ArmadaFew Spanish ships burnedBut did have to cut anchor and flee in separate directionsEngland had now broken up the Armada’s formationEngland Takes AdvantageSlide9

English ships singled off Spanish shipsProvoked Spanish fireThen swarm in close and unleash multiple shotsEnglish run out of ammoStart using chainsOnly 5 Spanish ships are destroyedForced Spain to leave the troops in Netherlands

behind Battle of

GravelinesSlide10

Spanish water and food went badStored in bad barrelsWere suffering from thirst and exhaustionShips were falling apartSome were kept together by having their hulls bundled up with cablesOnly option…head for home

English blocked the channelSpain had to sail the long way around EnglandThe War Drags On…Slide11

Gulf Stream blows them further East than intendedMakes the trip even longerArmada gets hit by a storm off the coast of IrelandShips can’t anchor…At mercy of the gale force windsMany crash into the rocksMore lost due to storms than battleMore Troubles for SpainSlide12
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Spanish8,000 dead63 ships sunkEngland50 to 100 dead0 ships sunkIn the EndSlide14

Gave heart and hope to Protestant causeGod was behind themCommemorative Medals:“He blew with His winds, and they were scattered”England was now a

major naval power after defeating the mighty Spanish navyOpened up the Atlantic for other countries to settle the New World

SignificanceSlide15

Jamestown-1607Poor location, lack of skilled workers and harsh winters killed many of the original settlersCapture Native princess, PocahontasTake her to England where she is a celebrityGets more people interested in the New WorldThe growing of tobacco eventually supports the colonies economyNo more starving

England’s first ColoniesSlide16

Plymouth- 1620Puritans fleeing religious persecutionWere in Netherlands but worried about loss of cultureAlso struggled in the first yearMany die first winterSquanto a native who used to live in England and knew English walks up on their settlement one dayTeaches them how to farmBy fall, the settlers have three storage sheds of extra foodDecide to have the natives over for a party

The first ThanksgivingEngland’s First Colonies