The perfect tense In Latin the perfect tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past time The perfect tense It is translated ed did or hashave ed ID: 598949
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Slide1
The Perfect TenseSlide2
The perfect tense
In Latin the perfect tense is used to indicate a
completed
action
in the
past
time.Slide3
The perfect tense
It is translated “______
ed
”; “did ________”; or “has/have _______ed.”Slide4
The perfect tense
There are 4 ways to form the perfect tense.Slide5
The perfect tense
The first and the most common is the “
vsux
” rule.Slide6
The perfect tense
With the “
vsux
” rule, the letter v, s, u, or x is essentially added to the present stem. For example, Slide7
The perfect tense
Portat
=>
portavit
He carries => He carriedSlide8
The perfect tense
Iubet
=>
iussit
He orders => he ordered
Note the assimilation of the b and the s:
Iub
+ sit =>
iussitSlide9
The perfect tense
Tacet
=>
tacuit
He is silent => he has been silentSlide10
The perfect tense
Ducit
=>
duxit
He leads => he ledSlide11
The perfect tense
The next way to form the perfect tense is by vowel change
(“ablaut”).
For example, Slide12
The perfect tense
Advenit
=>
advēnit
He arrives => he has arrived
Facit
=>
fēcit
He makes => he did makeSlide13
The perfect tense
The third way is “no change.” i.e., the present and perfect tenses will look exactly alike. Only the context can tell you whether the verb is present of perfect tense. For example,Slide14
The perfect tense
Inquit
=>
inquit
She says => she said
Respondit
=>
respondit
She replies => she repliedSlide15
The perfect tense
The final way to form the perfect tense is by reduplication (i.e. part of the present stem will be duplicated). For example, Slide16
The perfect tense
Currit
=>
cucurrit
He runs =>
he
ran
Cadit
=>
Cecidit
He falls
=>
he fellSlide17
The perfect tense
The endings for the perfect tense are different from the present tense endings too.
The 3
rd
person singular is –it.
The 3
rd
person plural is –
erunt
.
We’ll learn the other endings later.Slide18
The perfect tense
Perfecti
sumus
!