War B egins South Carolinas Declaration of Causes of Secession 121860 South Carolinas fireeaters proslavery extremists passed an ordinance of secession citing the following causes behind this decision ID: 583982
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11.1 – The Civil War BeginsSlide2Slide3Slide4
South Carolina’s Declaration of Causes of Secession
12/1860 South Carolina’s fire-eaters (pro-slavery extremists) passed an ordinance of secession, citing the following causes behind this decision:
Abolitionist propaganda
The Underground Railroad
Personal Liberty Laws
The Republican PartySlide5
The Baltimore Plot
There was an alleged conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln en-route to Washington D.C. (PA-MD)
“Flight of Abraham” Harper’s WeeklySlide6
Order of Secession
Deep South:
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
TexasSlide7
Order of Secession
The Upper South:
Virginia
Arkansas
North Carolina
TennesseeSlide8
Buchanan's Inaction
Lame-duck President James Buchanan claimed that secession was unconstitutional, but he did nothing to prevent it. Slide9
The Confederate Constitution
Preamble
“We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity — invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God — do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.”Slide10
The Confederate Constitution
Section 9 - Limits on Congress, Bill of Rights
“The importation of negroes of the African race from any foreign country other than the slaveholding States or Territories of the United States of America, is hereby forbidden; and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall effectually prevent the same.”Slide11
The Politics of the Border States
Lincoln had to keep the Border States in the Union by making gestures toward accepting slavery.
Lincoln’s First Inaugural:
“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.”
Border States / Slave Population
Maryland (8%)
Delaware (1.6%)
Missouri (11%)
Kentucky (24%)
West Virginia*Slide12
Lincoln’s Cabinet: Team of Rivals
Attorney General: Edward Bates
Secretary of State: William Henry Seward
Secretary of War: Edwin Stanton
Secretary of Treasury: Salmon ChaseSlide13
Fort SumterSlide14
Fort SumterSlide15
Fort Sumter
Federal fort Located in Charleston Harbor (SC)
South Carolina demands Union Major Robert Anderson surrender the fort
Lincoln’s Options:
Surrender
Attack
Re-Supply
4/12/1861 – The Civil War begins with the bombardment of Fort SumterSlide16
Strengths
Union
Confederacy
Population (2x1)
Navy
Railroad tracks (71%)
Firearms production (97%)
Industrial capacity
The North could feed, clothe, arm and transport more soldiers than the Confederacy
Fighting a defensive war (a tie is a win)
Passionate for the cause
Average soldier had some military experience / owned a weapon
Talented army officers (Robert E. Lee)
“Cotton is King”
Jefferson Davis (?)Slide17
Gen. Robert E. LeeSlide18
Virginia’s Secession
Virginia was by far the most populated and industrialized southern state
Its location was vital to both the Union and Confederacy
4/17/1861 – Virginia seceded following Fort Sumter
Robert E. Lee, “I have been unable to make up my mind to raise my hand against my native state, my relatives, my children, my home.”Slide19Slide20
Strategies
Union
Confederacy
Anaconda Plan
1.) Blockade southern ports
2.) Seize the Mississippi River
3.) Take Confederate Capital (Richmond, VA)
Defensive
Wear down the Union population’s stomach for war