amp Brain MRI Alison Murray Roland Sutton Professor of Radiology Aberdeen Child Development Survey December 1962 14939 children aged 6 12 Family study in subset WHEAZE studies of 1962 and 1999 ID: 534773
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Slide1
Aberdeen Children of the 1950s& Brain MRI
Alison MurrayRoland Sutton Professor of RadiologySlide2
Aberdeen Child Development SurveyDecember 1962
14,939 children aged 6 – 12Family study in subset – WHEAZE studies of 1962 and 1999First use of Rutter B
Illsley R & Wilson F. ACSD In: Prospective longitudinal research OUP 1981Bodner C et al. Eur. Resp J. 1999
Rutter M. J Child Psychol & Psychiatry 1967Slide3
Aberdeen Children of the 1950s12,150 ACDS linked Aberdeen Maternal & Neonatal Databank
1998 - 2002 traced + postal questionnaire = Aberdeen Children of the 1950s513 survivors + relatives recruited as Aberdeen GS:SFHS 2009-10259+ STRADL 2015-2019
Batty GD et al.
Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology 2004; 18:221-239Slide4
Magnetic resonance imagingNon-invasiveNo ionising
radiationGives fabulous detail of brainCan measure structure, function, areas of damage, connectivity…Long experience in Aberdeen - 1979Slide5
The Aberdeen Birth Cohorts
Local survivors of the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 – also exist in LothianAt age ~11 all sat the same intelligence test, the Moray House Test No.12
Recruited into two longitudinal studies of health and cognitive ageing ABC21 and ABC36Brain MRI introduced 1999 in ABC21, imaged on Siemens 1T, and 2003 in ABC36, imaged on GE 1.5T
Deary IJ et al.
Intelligence
2000
Ashley Road Primary School 1947Slide6
Brain imaging measures in ABC36
Hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities and changeSlide7
The balance of MRI changes & reserve
Education
attainment
Occupation
grade
Cognitive
ability
MRI brain
imaging
Late life cognitive ability
‘g’
extracted by PCA
Brain
ischaemia
v
isual
assessmt
Scheltens
’
Scale
Atrophy
hippo volume
Freesurfer
Aged 11y
Cognitive
ability
Moray House
Test
1947
Aged 68y
2004Slide8
ABC36 reserve studySlide9
ABC36 reserve studySlide10
ABC36 reserve study
Murray AD et al.
Brain
2011Slide11
Socioeconomic circumstance and brain MRI
Methods
Age 68y
(2004)
WMH
‘+/- Risk’
Cognitive
ability
Moray House
Test
11y
‘Early life’
(~1936)
Life Stage
Adult Life
Education
Adult
SEC
Hypertension
Highest
Qualification
Adult
Occupation
Measured
or Historic
Socioeconomic
Circumstance
(SEC)
ABC
1936
Data
Paternal
Occupation
Staff RT et al.
Annals Neurol.
2012:
; 71:653–660.Slide12
SEC and WMH
unskilled
managerial
Murray AD et al.
PLoS
ONE
2014;9(2): e 88969Slide13
Assessment of physical, mood and cognitive variables in ABC36Methods
Cognitive
Ability
Brain Imaging
Aged 68y
Depressive
Symptoms
HADS Anxiety and Depression
scale
-
level
of depression
in subclinical and clinical cases
T2
and FLAIR
Images:
WMH
measured
using
Scheltens
’
Scoring (blinded observer)
Physical
Health
Time to walk 6m in seconds
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (best of 3 attempts)
Data from 4 cognitive tests is
used to calculate
‘g’
- “general cognitive factor”
Statistical Analysis
- Correlation analysis
- Structural equation modellingSlide14
Path diagram of SEM analysisMethods
Model fit = excellentCmin/df = 0.429CFI = 1.00
‘g
’
e5
Physical Health
e1
GMH
ITH
Depressive Symptoms
Deep Brain Hyperintensities
e1
e1
e2
0.24
0.70
0.57
0.19
0.77
0.52
-0.18
-0.22
0.13
0.79
0.51
-0.17
-0.22
-0.20
-0.29
0.17
0.79
0.51
-0.21
-0.28
‘g
’
e5
Murray AD et al.
Archives of Geriatrics & Gerontology
2016Slide15
Structural complexity
Fractal properties:
- fine structure at arbitrarily small scales
- self-similar
- too irregular to be described in traditional
geometric
language
Koch curve
Koch snowflake
As branching of a fernSlide16
Structural complexityFD age 68 associated with higher cognitive ability and better retention age 11 - 68
FD between ages 68 and 73 and showed significant decline. Most cognitive tests also showed declinePeople
retained in the study had larger and more complex brains and had superior cognitive abilities
Decreased brain complexity with age
Mustafa N et al.
Neuroimage
2012
Sandu
AL et al
NeuroImage
2014Slide17
Setting up STRADL in Aberdeen:
Recruiting &
testing participants
Slide18
Staff training
GCPCognitive AssessmentPsychiatry Training (SCID)
Suicide Intervention TrainingLab InductionBlood ProcessingVolunteer ParticipantsTraining for other centresSlide19
Structure and timings of testing days
MRIClinicalCognitiveSlide20
Clinical
Height, Weight & BP Grip Strength
HADS-A (Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale)QUIDS (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology)Childhood Trauma
Drug Use (Cannabis)SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders)Hair & Blood SamplesSlide21
Cognitive
EPQ-R (Eysenck et al Personality &Individual Differences)Logical Memory & Delayed Logical Memory
Digit Symbol CodingVerbal FluencyMill Hill Vocabulary
GHQ (General health Questionnaire)Matrix ReasoningHot Cognitive TestingSlide22
Brain MRI protocolStructural3DT1
3D T23D FLAIRSWIDTIFunctionalEkman faces
Gambling challengeResting state (= functional connectivity)Slide23
Brain MRISlide24Slide25Slide26
Aberdeen Grammar SchoolSlide27
Aberdeen Grammar SchoolSlide28
Acknowledgements
Brain Imaging Team OthersRoger Staff Claude WischikGordon Waiter
Lawrence WhalleyChris McNeil Joanna WardlawAnca Sandu Ian DearyVesna Vuksanovic Dave Wyper
Dorota Chapko Andrew McIntosh Leela NarayananArnab Rana