anomic trap a barrier that conformists face and accept that their fate is to work hard and achieve little anomie anomie generalized state of normlessness arousal theory arousal theory recognizes that some criminals have no conscience ID: 314711
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Slide1
anomic trapSlide2
anomic trap
a barrier that conformists face and
accept that
their
fate is
to work hard and achieve littleSlide3
anomieSlide4
anomie
generalized state of normlessnessSlide5
arousal theorySlide6
arousal theory
recognizes that some criminals have no conscienceSlide7
behavior modificationSlide8
behavior modification
the premise that all behavior is the result of learned responses to various stimuliSlide9
biological determinismSlide10
biological determinism
criminal behavior that is a result of being a genetic misfit or
a biological throwback
to earlier, primitive and more violent beingsSlide11
correctionsSlide12
corrections
refers to all government actions intended to manage adults who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses and juveniles who have been charged with or found guilty of a status offenseSlide13
criminologySlide14
criminology
the scientific study of crime and criminalsSlide15
cultural transmission thesisSlide16
cultural transmission thesis
explains the persistence of criminal and other deviant values in successive generationsSlide17
deinstitutionalizationSlide18
deinstitutionalization
secure confinement abandoned as a punishmentSlide19
deterrenceSlide20
deterrence
assumes that certain and severe punishment can discourage future crimeSlide21
differential association theory Slide22
differential association theory
criminal values and behaviors are learned through social interactionsSlide23
differential reinforcementSlide24
differential reinforcement
the operant-conditioning principle that people retain and repeat rewarded behavior and extinguish behavior that is punishedSlide25
discriminative stimuliSlide26
discriminative stimuli
motivating definitions that either cast criminal behavior in a positive light or neutralize the behaviorSlide27
disproportionate minority confinement (DMC)Slide28
disproportionate minority confinement (DMC
)
unequal representation of blacks and HispanicsSlide29
egoSlide30
ego
that part of the mind influenced by parental training and the likeSlide31
general deterrenceSlide32
general deterrence
p
unishment of the
individual to prevent others in society from committing the same or similar crimesSlide33
idSlide34
id
the unconscious source of primitive and hedonistic urgesSlide35
imitationSlide36
imitation
involves modeling behavior
observed
in
othersSlide37
incapacitationSlide38
incapacitation
separating offenders from society to reduce the opportunity to commit crimeSlide39
isolationSlide40
isolation
an old correctional philosophy that has served two purposes: punishment and isolation from societySlide41
lex
talionisSlide42
lex
talionis
the law of retribution or revengeSlide43
operant conditioningSlide44
operant conditioning
rewarding mechanisms encourage some definitions, whereas punishers extinguish othersSlide45
penal harmSlide46
penal harm
the belief that punishment, particularly incarceration, should be uncomfortableSlide47
penologistsSlide48
penologists
people who systematically study punishmentSlide49
positivistsSlide50
positivists
those who look for answers in measurable aspects of the human conditionSlide51
psycheSlide52
psyche
the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconsciousSlide53
psychological deterministsSlide54
psychological determinists
believe that defects of the mind cause all misbehavior, including crimeSlide55
psychopathsSlide56
psychopaths
(sociopaths) commit crimes with no thought of conventional morality or of the consequences of their actionsSlide57
radical noninterventionSlide58
radical nonintervention
that society and its agents of social control should overlook minor delinquent acts to avoid labeling youngsters Slide59
reality therapy (RT)Slide60
reality therapy (RT)
holds the offender accountable for his or her actionsSlide61
rehabilitationSlide62
rehabilitation
the belief that providing treatment such as psychological or educational assistance makes individuals less likely to engage in future crimesSlide63
reintegrationSlide64
reintegration
recognizes the fact that a high percentage of the people in prison (90%) eventually get outSlide65
restitutionSlide66
restitution
requiring the offender to repay the victim or the community in money or through serviceSlide67
restorationSlide68
restoration
t
he
most
recent philosophy in the field of corrections
.,
it is based
on three key elements: accountability, community protection and competency developmentSlide69
retributionSlide70
retribution
the belief that punishment must avenge for a harm done to anotherSlide71
selective incapacitationSlide72
selective incapacitation
lies on the assumption that career criminals can be identified early in life as preteens or teenagersSlide73
social bondSlide74
social bond
the sum of the forces in a person’s social and physical environment that connect that person to society and its moral constituentsSlide75
social control theorySlide76
social control theory
belief that society provides what binds people together Slide77
social disorganizationSlide78
social disorganization
social ecologists claim that deterioration of the community and extreme poverty explain the cause of criminal behaviorSlide79
social learning theorySlide80
social learning theory
learning occurs through imitation and differential reinforcementSlide81
specific deterrenceSlide82
specific deterrence
the assumption that punishment dissuades the offender from repeating the same offense or committing a new oneSlide83
subcultural hypothesisSlide84
subcultural hypothesis
thesis that crime largely emerges from delinquent or deviant subculturesSlide85
superegoSlide86
superego
that part of the mind that is concerned with moral valuesSlide87
therapeutic communitiesSlide88
therapeutic communities
residential programs in which offenders work together to change the attitudes and behavior of all group members