What is APA APA is the way that disciplines within the social sciences reference their citations The social sciences include Social Studies Anthropology Communication Studies Criminology Economics ID: 659865
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Slide1
APA
American Psychological AssociationSlide2
What is APA?
APA is the way that disciplines within the social sciences reference their citations.
The social sciences include:
Social Studies
Anthropology
Communication Studies
Criminology
Economics
Education
History
Linguistics
Law
Political Science
Psychology
Social Psychology
Social WorkSlide3
Why use APA?
APA allows you to reference your citations when you quote, paraphrase, or use information that you found within a source such as a book, magazine, webpage, etc.Slide4
What happens if you don’t reference your sources?
You could be accused of PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism happens when you advertently – or even inadvertently! – use someone else’s ideas and don’t say where you got them from.
Plagiarism is not just “cutting & pasting” whole paragraphs or essays from a book or the web; it also happens when you put someone else’s ideas into your own words, but don’t give the author of those ideas credit for them.
If in doubt, make a reference!Slide5
What information do you need?
There’s a lot of information you need to include in a reference:
Author’s full name, including middle initial, if given
Date of latest publication
Title of the article, book, and/or journal in which the source is printed
Publishing company
Place of publication (include state or country if not readily recognizable)
Page numbers, if your source is printed in a compilation or journal.Slide6
What order do you put the information in?
Ordering the information in a reference is the trickiest part of writing your bibliography.
The order of the information and how you format it is really important. You want to provide the information in a clear manner that is standardized internationally so that
anyone, anywhere
can read your reference and find your source.Slide7
Books – print:
Deal, T. E. & Peterson, K. D. (2009).
Shaping School Culture: Pitfalls, Paradoxes and Promises
. San Francisco, CA:
Jossey
-Bass.
Last name, first and middle initials (if given) of first author, followed by the ampersand sign (&) and the last name, first and middle initials of second author, etc. up to three authors. Date in parentheses. Title in italics. Place of publication: publication company.Slide8
Textbook – print:
Gardner, R., &
Lavold
, W. (2007).
Exploring
globalization
, student
text
. Whitby
,
ON
: McGraw-Hill Ryerson
.
Last name, first initial of first author listed, ampersand, Last name and first initial of second author listed. (Date of publication in parentheses). Title of Text book in italics, followed by
student text.
City and Province/State of publication: publishing company.Slide9
Books – online:
Deal, T. E. & Peterson, K. D. (2009).
Shaping School Culture: Paradoxes, Pitfalls and Promises.
Retrieved from
http://www.jossey-bass.com
Author’s last name, first name, middle initial. Ampersand followed by second author’s last name, first name, middle initial, etc. Date of publication or edition in parentheses. Title in italics. Retrieved from and include the website
*
note there is no period after the web address!Slide10
Article or essay in a compilation:
Deal, T.E & Peterson, K.D. (2009). “Toxic Cultures.” In J. Armstrong & F. Davis (Eds.),
School Culture Handbook
(238-301). New York, NY:
Jossey
-Bass.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.),
Title of book
(pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.Slide11
Article in a journal – print:
Deal, T.E. & Peterson, K.D. (2009). Renovating
s
chool
c
ulture.
Education Today, 12
(3), 21-33).
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, volume number
(issue number), pages
.
* Note that the title of the article is
not
in quotation marks, and only the first word of the title is capitalized.Slide12
Article in a journal – online:
Deal, T.E. & Peterson, K.D. (2008). Working with school leaders.
Leadership Today, 8
(2). Retrieved from http://www.leadershiptoday.org
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.
Title of Online Periodical, volume number
(issue number if available). Retrieved from
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url
/
* Note that the title of the article is not in quotation marks, and only the first word of the title is capitalized
. There is also no period after the website
url
.Slide13
Online Article with a DOI
*
Brownlie
, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography.
European Journal of Marketing, 41
, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.
Title of Journal, volume number,
page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 or
http://
dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
*
DOI stands for “Digital Object Identifier.” It’s a way of giving a unique number to
every
online text. It’s similar to an ISBN in a print text.Slide14
Other sources…
There are many other sources you will run across when you conduct your
research
, such as films, documentaries, newspaper articles, blogs, podcasts, etc.
Make sure you consult an APA Style Guide to check you are referencing that source correctly.Slide15
Style Guides:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
6
th
Edition.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01
/
www.apastyle.org