Byzantines Justinian 527565 Islam Arab World Muhammad 570632 Religion of Islam Expansion Two Popes Crusades Why What Key Terms Code of Justinian Koran Five Pillars of ID: 661558
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Byzantines, Islam & Crusades
ByzantinesJustinian (527-565)IslamArab WorldMuhammad (570?-632)Religion of IslamExpansionTwo PopesCrusadesWhy?What?
Key Terms
Code
of Justinian
Koran
Five Pillars of
Islam
Jerusalem
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Urban II
IndulgencesSlide2
Justinian
Established Code of JustinianHe reunified most of the old Roman empire
Christianity was the official religion; non-Christian worship was outlawedSlide3
Code Of Justinian
Established a single code of laws for allIts influence today:Laws should be writtenPunishments for a crime should be the same for all
Justinian
(r. 527-565)Slide4
Byzantine Empire & JustinianSlide5
Code Of Justinian
Established a single code of laws for allIts influence today:Laws should be writtenPunishments for a crime should be the same for allCode of Justinian =
JUSTICE
Justinian
(r. 527-565)Slide6
US Supreme Court Building(Stone Sculpture of 18 “Lawgivers)
Justinian
Muhammad Slide7
Arabian/Islamic Impact…
Irrigation - increased agricultural productionMathematics:Numbering System: Arabic Numerals replaced cumbersome Roman Numerals“Algebra” comes from Arabic word “Al-jabar” included in a math book from 820 ADSlide8
Arab World
Many were nomads & herded sheep and camels; other specialized in trade.Outsiders tried to conquer Arabs, but were unable.Mecca was an important city. Arabs flourished in the desert.Slide9
Muhammad(570?-632)
Born about 570 AD and grew up in Mecca.After marriage, he became a social activist.Received revelations from the angel Gabriel eventually included in the Koran.In 622 he moved from Mecca to Medina and became VERY influential, spreading the word of Islam.Slide10
Five Pillars Of Islam
Creed/Faith: The belief there is only one God (Allah); Muhammad is the prophet of Allah.Prayer: Five times per day believers must wash and purify themselves, face Mecca, and pray.Almsgiving: All should contribute money to the poor/needy.Fast: between daylight until nightfall during the month of Ramadan.Pilgrimage: to Mecca during one’s lifetime.Slide11
Islam, Judaism, Christianity
All worship the same God (the God of Abraham)Much of the Old Testament, including prophets Abraham & Moses, are accepted (Muslims & Jews don’t accept Jesus as the Savior)The belief in charity to the poor/weakJerusalem is an important city:Jews: land of Abraham; promised by GodChristians: land of Jesus’ ministryMuslims: where Muhammad ascended to heavenSlide12
Dome Of The Rock & Western Wall(Jerusalem)Slide13
Solomon’s Temple, JerusalemSlide14
Following Muhammad’s Death
Islamic world grew and covered more territory than the old Roman Empire at its height.Slide15
Muslim Conquest Up to 750Slide16
Crusades
A series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims.Access to and control of Jerusalem was one key cause.Slide17
Two Popes
The Christian Church (Roman Catholic) became a powerful unifying institution by 800-900 ADIt was headed by the PopePope Gregory VII (1073-1085):What was Papal Primacy?Pope Urban’s call (1095):If they decide to fight, what will they receive?Slide18
Crusades(1100-1200)
1st Crusade: 1097-1099Christians regain control of Jerusalem.2nd Crusade: 1147-1149Muslims recapture Jerusalem.3rd Crusade: 1189-1192 Draw: Muslims retain control of Jerusalem but allow access to the city.Slide19
Indulgences
Money paid to the Church to help the war effort.Why pay?If a person gave the Church money, sins were forgiven and a place in heaven was secured.Slide20
Byzantines, Islam & Crusades
ByzantinesJustinian (527-565)IslamArab WorldMuhammad (570?-632)Religion of IslamExpansionTwo PopesCrusadesWhy?What?
Key Terms
Code
of Justinian
Koran
Five Pillars of
Islam
Jerusalem
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Urban II
Indulgences