Dental - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Dental

DHO Book p.470-549 & Nursing Assistants p.315Slide2

Terminology – Quiz Friday March 15

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Odontology - Study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth

Crown – section of the tooth that is visible in the mouth

Root – section of tooth located below the gingiva or gums

Enamel – hardest tissue in the body and covers the outside of the crown. Made mostly of calcium and phosphorus. It is the protective layer of the tooth. Enamel does not grow or repair itself after it is formed.

Dentin – tissue that makes up the main bulk of the tooth. It is bonelike, but softer than the enamel. Dentin is living tissue and can repair and grow.

Pulp = soft tissue located in the innermost area of the tooth. Mostly made up of blood vessels and nerves and held in place by connective tissue.

Periodontium = structures that surround and support the teeth

8. Gingiva – gums – made of epithelial tissue covered by mucous membrane.Slide3

Terms Cont.

Primary / deciduous teeth – The first set of teeth (20). Often called “baby teeth”

Incisors – teeth located in front of mouth, sharp, used to cut or bite food

Cuspids – aka canines, or eyeteeth – used to tear food, longest teeth in the mouth

Bicuspids – premolars, pulverize or grind food

Molars – teeth located in the back of the mouth – largest and strongest – chew and grind food

Universal Numbering System – abbreviated form for identifying the teeth

Anterior – “towards the front”

Posterior – towards the back

Labial – crown surface next to the libs

Lingual – crown surface next to the tongue

Incisal = cutting edge of the tooth

Mesial – side surface closest to the midlineSlide4

Terms Cont.

Distal – side surface away from the midline

Restoration – the process of replacing a diseased portion of a tooth or a lost tooth by artificial means

Cavity – when enamel, dentin and or cementum are destroyed – creates a hollow space.

Amalgam – restorative material used primarily on posterior teeth – usually made of a mixture of metals

Composite – restorative material used most frequently in repair of anterior teeth but now being used in posterior as well. Becoming stronger. Applied in layers and uses a curing lightSlide5

The tooth – page 471 Figure 17-2

You will be responsible for knowing all parts of the tooth as illustrated on this page. Be prepared to label a diagram.

Stop: complete activity Slide6

Dental

Odontology is the study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth.

Teeth:

1. Accessory organs of the digestive tract

a. Mastication or chewing of food

2. Two dentitions (sets of teeth)

a. Primary dentitions – 20 teeth

i. At birth a newborn has 44 tooth buds

ii. At 6 months teeth begin to errupt

iii. By 2 years – all primary teeth have eruptedSlide7

Teeth Continued

* between ages 6-12 all primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent

dentition

B. Permanent Teeth – 32 teeth

*begin to errupt at age 5

*continue until 17-20 years old

*most are in place by age 12

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4 main parts of a tooth

Crown – section of the tooth that is visible in the mouth and protected by enamel

2. Root – below the gingiva or gums, covered by by cementum. It anchors or holds tooth in the bony socket of the jaw

3. Cervix = also called the neck or cemento-enamel junction. It is the area where the enamel covering the crown meets the cementum covering the root.

Apex – Tip of the root of the tooth. Contains an opening called the apical foramen, this is where the blood supply and nerves enter the tooth.Slide9

4 main tissues that make up a tooth

Enamel – hardest tissue in the body, covers the crown, made of mostly calcium and phosphorus and forms a protetive layer for the tooth. It does not grow or repair itself.

Cementum – hard, bonelike tissue that covers the outside of the root. It also provides a thin layer of protection and holds the tooth in place. It forms continuously thoughout life.

Dentin – The main bulk of the tooth, bonelike and softer than the enamel but harder then the cementum. It lacks nerves, but it still carries sensations of pain and temperature to the pulp of the tooth. The Dentin is living tissue, it may repair and grow. The internal surface of the dentin makes the wall of the pulp chamber.

Pulp – Soft tissue / innermost area of the tooth. Made of blood vessels and nerves, held in place with connective tissue.

Pulp chamber – portion of pulp located in crown

Pulp canal or root canal – portion contained in the root

Pulp cavity - the chamber and canal create a space in the tooth – provides nourishment and produces dentin.Slide10

The Periodontium

Structures that surround and support the teeth

Alveolar process or ridge – upper and lower jaw

Periodontal ligament – connective tissue that attaches to the cementum of the tooth and to the alvelous. It supports the tooth in the socket and absorbes shock during chewing. It contains nerves and blood to nourish the tooth, aides in the production of cementum and produces sensation when pressure is applied.

Gingiva – aka Gums – made of epithelial tissue covered with mucous membrane. Covers the alveolar bone and surrounds the teeth. Slide11

Stop Day 2 notes

Answer Questions 3 & 4 on page 473 of DHO book (under procedure). For # 4 use the diagram passed out on Monday.Slide12

Identifying the teeth

Incisors

located in the front and center of the mouth

broad, sharp edge

used to cut or bite food

central incisors are in the center

lateral incisors are on the sides of the centralsSlide13

Cuspids

also known as canines, or eyeteeth

located at angles of lips

used to tear food

longest teeth in the mouthSlide14

Bicuspids

also known as premolars

located before the molars, from front to back

used to pulverize or grind food

*no bicuspids in primary dentitionSlide15

Molars

Teeth in the back of the mouth

Largest and strongest teeth

Used to chew and grind foodSlide16

Identifying Teeth

Four Quadrants

1. Maxillary Right

2. Maxillary Left

3. Mandibular Right

4. Mandibular LeftSlide17

Universal Numbering System

An abbreviated form for identifying the teeth. Used by the American Dental Association and is the main way to identify teeth.

Primary teeth labeled A-T

Starts at Maxillary right, then maxillary left, mandibular left, and finishes mandibular right

Permanent teeth – numbered 1-32 using the same quadrants as above.Slide18

Stop Day 3 notes

Complete questions 5-7 on page 473 of DHO bookSlide19

Careers in the Dental Field

Dentist

Dental Assistant

Dental Hygienist

Orthodontist, Periodontist, Endodontist, Oral Surgeon

Prostetics

Watch the video of the dental assistant and hygienist – write a 1-2 paragraph summary of what you learned.

Link to video:

http://wps.prenhall.com/phschool_colbert_anat_pathophsy_1/99/25575/6547234.cw/index.htmlSlide20

Care of patient’s teeth (in clinical setting)

Mosby’s textbook for Nursing Assistants

Chapter 16

Review Assisting the person to brush the teeth p. 316

Review Brushing the Person’s Teeth p.317

Review Flossing the Person’s teeth p 318 -319

Review Mouth Care for the Unconscous Person p 320-321

Review Denture Care p.322-323

We will be practicing all of these skills in class / you must participate fully in order to receive credit.