World History Grade 12 Key Terms Words Viramgam 1915 Rowlatt Satyagraha Rowlatt BillAct General Hartal Protest Amritsar Massacre General Dyer Chauri Chaura NCM 19201922 ID: 612528
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Gandhi & India 1915 - 1948" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Gandhi & India 1915 - 1948
World History : Grade 12 Slide2Slide3
Key Terms / Words
Viramgam
1915
Rowlatt
Satyagraha
Rowlatt
Bill/Act
General
Hartal
Protest
Amritsar Massacre
General Dyer
Chauri
Chaura
(NCM 1920-1922)
Indian National Congress
Hind
Swaraj
/
Englistan
Salt March Slide4
Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India
1915 :
Viramgam
over their customs cordon.
This customs cordon forced third class passengers to be medically inspected at the
Viragram
train station for sanitary reasons.
Problem : only third class passengers.
Gandhi explained that these passengers were treated like they were sheep, servants, and often missed the train as a result.Slide5
1915 : Viramgam
When Gandhi was informed of the situation the first thing he asked was “are you prepared to go to jail” and the reply was “we will certainly go to jail, provided you lead us”.
Gandhi took this issue to the Bombay Government.
This was the beginning of Satyagraha in India.Slide6
Rowlatt Satyagraha : 1919
After WWI there was a high level of dissatisfaction in India
The British had broken promises of more political freedom
Conflict
Riots Slide7
Rowlatt Satyagraha : 1919
Justice
Rowlatt
February 1919 the British introduced the
Rowlatt
Bill.
Gandhi took immediate action Slide8
Rowlatt Satyagraha : 1919
Gandhi established a nationwide “general
hartal
protest” that was to begin April 6
th
1919. He advised Indians not to venture into any economic activity with the British, which meant no purchases of merchandise and closing of factories and schools.
The British answer to all of this uproar came down to the establishment of the Marshall Law that put major limitations on political movements by Indians, and their right to assemble.Slide9
The Amritsar Massacre
April 13
th
1919, the day of the holy festival of
Baisakhi
, more than 10,000 people gathered in the city’s
Jallinanwalla
Bagh
(garden).
General Reginald Dyer (British Officer) and 50 soldiers attacked.
This resulted in the death of 379 people and about 1200 being badly wounded. Slide10
The Amritsar Massacre
“British’s true colors of violence when their goals were being threatened.”
This movement allowed Gandhi to be better known and his philosophy and politics of Satyagraha became widely accepted among India and the Indian National congress. Slide11Slide12Slide13Slide14
Chauri
Chaura
(Non Cooperation movement 1920 -1922)
Significant because it showed that Gandhi believed in the principles of Satyagraha/Sarvodaya more than the outcome.
The goal was to not cooperate with the British’s unjust laws.
Gandhi asked his followers to leave there jobs, schools, and any British position.Slide15
Chauri
Chaura
(NCM 1920 -1922)
February 1922 marked a turning point in the successful campaign.
Extreme violence was used against the British and people were killed.
Gandhi realized that he had to call off his campaign although he had been notably close to victory.
Beliefs and PrincipalsSlide16
Chauri
Chaura
(NCM 1920 -1922)
This proved that he would have to re-educate peasants and define more strict guidelines to his campaigns.
Peasants were very important to Gandhi’s movements because they were in his opinion the most pure, due to not being as heavily colonized.
Took 8 years before another movement (Salt March 1930)Slide17
The Indian National Congress (INC) : Gandhi’s role
Gandhi had always felt the need for a lack of government institutions
Hind
Swaraj
/
Englistan
Wanted INC to be an NGO Slide18
The Indian National Congress (INC) : Gandhi’s role
Become president of INC for one year in 1925.
The goal was in Gandhi’s vision to turn the INC into a parallel government with an organized hierarchy. This allowed people from all walks of life in India to join the congress. (Anyone could join – Would help in future)
1934 he retired from politics – Felt he was not needed and many people in the INC thought his views to be radical Slide19Slide20Slide21
1930 : Salt March
Gandhi’s Salt March of 1930 represented the pinnacle of Gandhi’s success and power
Gandhi had learned from mistakes
Gandhi now had a global audienceSlide22
1930: Salt March
Gandhi had gained so many followers . When he started the Salt March he had 78 selected people, and by the time he walked his distance of 241 miles he had 1200 people with him.
Waiting till April 6
th
to actually walk down to the beach – Symbolic (
Jallianwalabagh
massacre).
Top leaders of the INC were jailed, including Gandhi, others took their place. (Gandhi arrested very early in campaign)
This fight against the Salt Tax was able to continue without Gandhi because he was able to set up such a structured and disciplined system that the British had no answer.
Gandhi showed up in
Dandi
with 1200 people, not long after 1700 ended up in jail.( Followers continued to grow) Slide23
1930: Salt March
At the end of the Salt March the
satyagrahis
were unable to take over the
Dharasana
Salt works and the salt tax was not lifted.
The Salt March was able to provide a powerful symbol of what
satyagraha’s
potential was and that they were not to be taken lightly.
“The salt satyagraha received worldwide coverage and evoked global sympathy for the
satyagrahis
. Two years in a row, 1930 and 1931, Gandhi appeared on the cover of Time magazine, which also designated him “Man of the Year 1930.”Slide24Slide25Slide26Slide27
Salt March
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sCsArbBloUSlide28
Independence 1947
The period of the Second World War saw the peak of the campaigns by the Quit India movement (led by "Mahatma" Gandhi)
The Indian National Army (INA) movement (led by
Netaji
Subhas
Chandra Bose) and others, eventually resulting in the withdrawal of the British.
1947 – Independence
Gandhi is assassinated 1948 (78) Slide29Slide30Slide31
Assignment
Write a 2 page (double spaced) essay on one of the following:
Gandhi & Satyagraha
Gandhi in South Africa – Why is it important?
Is Gandhi a Global icon? Why?
Gandhi and the Salt March
Gandhi and his role in the independence of India
Is Gandhi still relevant?
Pick your own topic
Slide32
Rubric
20 marks
5 marks – Grammar and Spelling
5 marks – clear introduction and conclusion
10 marks – Clear answered your question