Ministry of Education and Science Arjan Shahini Outline Public Management Central Authorities Priorities Gov National Strategy for Higher Education 200813 Expansion Example Private Education approach ID: 205640
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Slide1
Higher Education Reform in Albania
Ministry of Education and Science,
Arjan ShahiniSlide2
Outline
Public Management: Central Authorities
Priorities (Gov.
National Strategy for Higher Education 2008-13)
Expansion: Example Private Education (approach +
c
urrent state)Slide3
Central Authorities
Public
management and governance of higher
education
C
entral
Authorities:
Government /
MoES
Accred
. Council
Council of Higher Education and Research
National Examination
Center
+
Immatriculation
Parliament
Committee on Education and Means of Public
Information
the
Committee on Work, Social Issues and Health
Slide4
Objectives of the strategy
Develop the
society
and
promote
democratic
standards.
Develop
economically
and
equally
the
country
through education
of a qualified work force.
Fulfill the development
aspirations
of
the young
generations.
Develop and consolidate a
wide and adequate
knowledge base
for the benefit of the country. Slide5
Strategic priorities
Expand the system (increase supply)
meet
the needs of the
country and create
higher education
opportunities
for all
.
Ensure diversity
in education
offers
in
line with the requirements of the future development of the
country.
Improve the
quality of teaching and learning
continuous
training of human resources and
fostering a
culture of quality
.
Improve governance mechanisms
grant
HEIs adequate autonomy conditional upon the achievement of
quality
management
,
accountability
and
transparency
.
Develop methods, schemes
and levels of
financing
student’s based
(need and merit – SL) for teaching and
competitive
for research institutions (SDF).Slide6
Approach: Reform & Innovation
Bottom-UpSlide7
Main Areas of ReformSlide8
Strategy Evaluation: Problems
Increase in environment’s complexity
Resistance to change
Difficulty predicting future
Increasing number of variables
Rate of obsolescence of plans
National and global events
Decreasing time span for planning certainty
Lack of capacities for the implementationSlide9
II. Expansion: Instruments
Liberalization of the education market: allow private providers (profit and non-profit).
Increase capacities (“consolidation and growth of the capacities of the existing institutions”)
Concentrated only in some fields of study (economic priority sectors: tourism, agricultural, food industry).
Gradual increase of the number of students.
Support regional universitiesSlide10
II. Expansion:
e.g
private education (a
)
Approach:
Mix: Laissez –faire with market competition
*
No funding; tax incentives for students
Private sector free to set tuition fees
Limited regulation, but regular auditing
No special laws
state introduces market elements in the higher education market
creates open market structure
state encourage private-public competition
* Zumeta W. (1997) State Policy and private Higher Education: Past, Present and Future. In: J. Smart (ed) Higher Education Handbook of Theory and Research. Volume XII. New York: Agathon Press: 43-106 Slide11
II. Expansion – Private Education (b)
Policies
Introduction
of
market elements (marketization) in the education system
Permissive policy for private providers to
enter the
market (licensure procedure)
Substitute
funds and / public
funding (
in the future!
)
Results
Increase in private education institutions (46 by 2012)
Profilization
of higher education institutions (study programs, professional colleges).
Increase in enrollment in private education (23 500 by 2011).
Consequences
Few elite HEIs
Public
universities are more
selective than private (due to state
matura
exam)
Private
might go bankrupt or
merge
Private
sector is left to
itself.Slide12
II. Expansion: Categories of private HEIsSlide13
II. Expansion: Improve quality
Accreditation & quality assurance (
new quality standards & benchmarks
)
Inform the students about the quality of the supply (
Ranking
)
Encourage the establishment of professional colleges (
less restrictive licensing procedure
)
Prepare students of secondary level for the university (
2+2 obligatory state examination
)
Obligatory certificate in English for the master-level (
l
aw
)
Internationalize the HEIs Slide14
Private Education II
Quality Assurance
Accreditation Agency
Accreditation Council
Ministry of Education and Science
State Standards of Evaluation and Accreditation
Yearly monitoring / inspection
Informing students about the quality: Ranking!
CHE
Methodology: Multidimensional
ResultsSlide15
I. Expansion: Improve quality
Accreditation & quality assurance (
new quality standards & benchmarks
)
Inform the students about the quality of the supply (
Ranking
)
Encourage the establishment of professional colleges (
less restrictive licensing procedure
)
Prepare students of secondary level for the university (
2+2 obligatory state examination
)
Obligatory certificate in English for the master-level (
l
aw
)
Internationalize the HEIs Slide16
II. Curriculum Reform
Evaluate
the implementation of Bologna Standards
Follow the
Bologna Process
: 3-cycle system;
C
ompetence
based
learning;
F
lexible
learning
paths;
Recognition & mobility
(internationalize curricula)
Adapt/restructure
content
, structure, teaching methods
and materials
;
E
stablish
joint study programmes
;
E
stablish
links with the
labour
market
(two year vocational schooling/college). Slide17
III. Governance
Increase the autonomy of universities
Modernise the capacity, management and governance of higher education institutions
and at the Ministry.
Management of students’ services
Build
strategic
partnerships, international and domestic relations with the private und state actors etc.
Ensure the quality of education (QA)
Promote
a quality assurance
culture
Increase accountability (toward government and the public)
E
nsure
equality
and
transparency in accessing the
higher educationSlide18
III. Governance: Accountability
Appointment (government or
board
)
Representation (
internal + external
)
Financial accountability (
budget
)
Differentiated functions between academics and executives.
Performance – (
reporting + monitoring + ranking + accreditation)Responsiveness toward market needsSlide19
IV. Research and Development: Strategy and Instruments
Document: National Strategy of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2009
Integration of the research institutes in the higher education system
Innovation (applied research)
Establishment of interdisciplinary centers (Technology Transfer Centers and Agencies)
Assist in the development
of the local community and
businesses
Set up networks of cooperation with the most important industries
Share costs with the private sector and attract funds from international research programs.
Raise public awareness
Achieve excellence in the priority areas of development (agro-food and tourism)