ISOSTACY Isostatic Movement CHANGES IN SEA LEVELS WHICH RESULT IN NEW COASTAL LANDFORMS Changes in Sea Level During times of maximum glaciation large volumes of water were stored on the land as ice this meant that there was a eustatic fall in sea level ID: 283941
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ISOSTACY AND EUSTACYSlide3
ISOSTACY –
Isostatic Movement
CHANGES IN SEA LEVELS WHICH RESULT IN NEW
COASTAL LANDFORMS Slide4
Changes in Sea Level
During times of maximum glaciation large volumes of water were stored on the land as ice this meant that there was a eustatic fall in sea level.
Ice accumulated and its weight pressed down on that part of crust beneath it causing isostatic changes in sea level.
Eustatic Change = Water.
Isostatic Change = land.
Positive Change = Flood and therefore a rise in the base level.
Negative Change = Water draining off the land and therefore a fall in the base level.Slide5
COASTLINE OF EMERGENCE
RAISED BEACHES
RAISED CLIFFS
RAISED PLATFORMSSlide6
Following the global rise in sea level and still occurring in several parts of the world today there was an isostatic uplift of land as the weight of the ice sheets decreased. Landforms created as a result of land rising relative to the sea are raised beaches and erosion surfaces, E.g. Dyfed the Gower Peninsula, South Wales, Cornwall. All of these places had flat upland surfaces normally between 45-200m above the sea level.Slide7
Raised Beaches / Shorelines –
as the land rose former wave cut platforms and beaches were raised above the waves,
E.g. In west Scotland it degraded cliffs and wave cut platforms, old cliff line which contained arches and stacks.
E.g. At Kings cave, Arran, 8m of raised beach with former notches and caves. Isostatic adjustment is not constant and is in fact slowing down due to it nearly finishing rebounding. The amount of uplift is decreased from the centre of the ice caps.Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11
EUSTACY
COASTLINES OF SUBMERGENCE
Eustatic
Movement = rise in sea levels
RIAS
FIORDS
DALMATION COASTSSlide12
Rias –
these are drowned river valleys, which are sheltered, winding inlets
, and occur in the southwest of Britain at the river Fal.
Here the sea goes in 18km to Turo and then it deposits sediment due to balance rejuvenation, E.g. The Loe was a ria before a bar blocked it across its mouth.Slide13Slide14Slide15
Fjords –
these are drowned glacial valleys which are deep, long, narrow inlets with steep and often straight sides E.g. Sogne Fjord which is 100km long and the mouth is a shallow seaward entrance known as a Threshold.Slide16Slide17Slide18Slide19Slide20Slide21
Dalmatian Coastlines –
these are drowned river valleys, which are parallel to the coast, E.g. The Dalmatian Coastline, Croatia
Found on CONCORDANT COASTLINES –
Features lie parallel to the coastline.Slide22Slide23Slide24
RIVER
REJUVINATIONSlide25
ISOSTACY -
LEADS TO NEW LANDFORMS
ISOSTATIC MOVEMENT -
The change in landlevels relative to sea levels due to a
change in balance between erosion and deposition.
As the earth
’
s crust floats on molten rock in the mantle
changes in weight redistribute from highland to lowland
changing pre-existing features and also causing erosion
and deposition to increase after base level had been reached.Slide26
Rivers can change their GRADED PROFILE due to
isostatic or eustatic movement.
This leads to RIVER REJUVINATION.Slide27
Rejuvination - Young Again.
During rejuvination rivers get a new base level as land levels rise and sea levels fall.
Land rises due to SPRING BACK effect after the last ice-age.
Rivers now erode again cutting new channels to the sea.
3 FEATURES OF REJUVINATION
KNICKPOINTS
INCISED MEANDERS
PAIRED TERRACESSlide28
KNICKPOINTS
Knickpoints are caused by a change in base level. When a river is
rejuvenated
(that is, has a negative change in base level, the sea level falls), the long profile is lengthened as land rises from the sea. This increases the
gradient
of the long profile and causes the river to gain more erosive energy.
A knickpoint marks the position of the
former base level.
The sudden change in gradient forms waterfalls or rapids. Overtime a knickpoint moves upstream.Slide29Slide30Slide31
KNICKPOINT DIAGRAMSlide32Slide33
2. INCISED MEANDERS
Vertical erosion restarts on a rejuvinated river causing
an old meander to cut vertically down into the floodplain
while maintaining its winding course.
This creates incised meanders.
Example : River NoreSlide34Slide35Slide36
PAIRED TERRACES
Once incised meanders form, they begin to erode laterally
To form a new floodplain far below the existing one.
The remnants of the old floodplain form terraces either
side of the river called paired terraces.
If rejuvination occurs many times to the same river
a series of paired terraces will form. Slide37
Paired terraces diagramSlide38Slide39Slide40