Martin E. P. Seligman Joshua Lawyer - PowerPoint Presentation

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Martin E. P. Seligman

Joshua Lawyer

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Irene Brown and Adrian Seligman

Irene Brown

Born 1905 in

Nagyvarad

, Hungary

Moved to New York in 1911

Sympathetic manner

Adrian Seligman

Born 1905 in New York

Persistent but avoidant

Bachelors of law from New York and Juris Doctor from Columbia

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Life in the depression

1930- Great DepressionIrene and Adrian married 1931Adrian took a job reporting judges’ decisions at the Court of Appeals Moved to AlbanySizable population of JewsBeth Seligman born 1936

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Martin Seligman

Born Martin Elias Peter SeligmanAugust 12, 1942 11:58 amEarliest memory of mother in tears from news of Jews in Hungary

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Childhood

A beaming and merry young childTried school at 4 years old but was postponed till 5Went to School 16Quiz KidAttended Hebrew School taught by Jewish refugees

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Growing Up

1950s- Korean War and McCarthyismWas a brainy teenagerEnjoyed showing his smartsStrongly identified Jewish until the Academy1955 entered Albany Academy for Boys A sacrifice for the family Beth went to the free New York State Teacher’s CollegeImmediate outcast but excelledJob at Curtis Publishing House magazines

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“My father’s Helpnesses…”

Offered a scholarship by Headmaster Harry E.P. Meislahn First in classBut remained a privateAnti-semitism Becomes interested in FreudGraduate Albany Academy in 1960Top in class but was not named valedictorianHis father proud but Martin disappointed Accepted to Princeton University

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Princeton

1960s- Civil Rights movement, fear of the nuclear Attended Princeton University No longer the smartest student Still depressed and pessimistic Avoided psychology in early years“guts” departmentBehaviorism and Freudian Majored in philosophyRobert NozickAtomismBridge Captain

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Helplessness

First psychology lab workDisapproved current theory on masochism in rats Still unsatisfiedMet Kerry Mueller Attended Bryn Mawr majoring in Greek and LatinSmitten after two weeks1963 Cuban Missle CrisisDeath of President KennedyDeath of classmate

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Learning from Giants

Peter MadisonPersonality Psychologist “Marty, philosophy is a good preparation for doing something else”Self-IntuitionGraduate School for Psychology -1964University of Pennsylvania Richard L. Solomon

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Helpless dogs

“I think the dogs in my lab are helpless, and I don’t know why.”

Previous experiment on dogs based on Pavlov

Dogs experienced a tone then shock to jump a barrier

Investigators found theory disproved

Interested in helplessness response

Steve Maier

Theory: animals and humans could learn that they were helpless

Outcasts due to research

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Cognitive Animals

Seligman and Maier test animal cognition Three groups (ESC, INESC, ZERO)After hammock, placed in shuttle box 5 out of 8 2nd group dogs failed to escape boxPublished in Journal of Experimental Psychology One criticism: paralyse spelled with zHostile rejection from Behaviorists

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Fight the depression

Began studying abnormal psychologyCombat helplessnessImmunization TherapyEthical dilemmas Released one dogEmotionally draining

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Discussion question

Do individuals begin to reflect their work either emotionally or personality? Or is it reverse?

Do we experience learned helplessness in our daily lives?

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Behavioral or cognitive

Push back from Joe WopleBehavioral therapyDogs reinforced to lie still in hammockSecond experimentOne group controlled the shock with staying still (ESC) Second group yoked to original, no control of shock (INESC)First group and control jumped the barrier, second remained stillWople and Seligman became friends First look into mental illness

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Cornell

Offered two positions- May 1967University of MichiganCornellKerry puts PhD on hold$9,500 raised to $10,000

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Doctor Marty

1967- Vietnam War continues Completed graduate studiesTwo years eight months, a recordAssistant professor at Cornell UniversityWent by MartySkeptical nature Academic questions: helplessness, hopelessness, trauma, fear, and depressionAnxious and grumpy

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Time at Cornell

Affirmative Action issuesUnusual policy Made friends with Carl SaganWatched the moon landing togetherAssassination of MLK and Robert KennedyDiscovered that helplessness was temporaryRecover after a weekPermeant after multiple sessions

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Moving on

Offers from Harvard and PrincetonTurned down out of shame and patienceReceived first grant for learned helplessnessInterest in learning clinical psychologyProtests on campusLeft Cornell-1970Amanda Seligman born 1970

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A look into Mental Illness

1970s- Continued protests and Nixon as President University of Pennsylvania Training in psychiatryCognitive therapyTwo years of trainingAdrian moved to Miami BeachIrene remained in New YorkDepression

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Helpless

Connections between learned helplessness and depression

Exception being suicidal thoughts

Received tenure

Working eighty hours a week

Ignoring wife and daughter

Learned helplessness in people

Replicated with sound

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England

1974 decides to write a book on learned helplessnessDavid Seligman born 1975 moves to EnglandInvestigated phobias Left Kerry for Suzanne MillerPublished HelplessnessReturned to Penn State

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C.A.V.E.

Joined the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences

Wrote a textbook on abnormal psychology-1979

Suzanne left for a colleague

Seligman is 38 years old

Self-diagnosis depression

Published Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ)

Collaboration with Chris Peterson

Questionnaire for depression

Became housemate and director of clinical training

Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanation (CAVE)

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Positivity

1980s- Cold War deescalating, President Ronald Regan, and laissez-faire capitalism Further development on learned helplessness Met Mandy McCarthy-1984 Married Sept 18, 1988 1989 born Lara Seligman Change of mood

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Optimism

Suggested a book on optimism by Richard Pine

Resisted at first

Learned Optimism

published by 1990

Used research from CAVE and ASQ

1991 Gulf War

The Optimistic Child

Schoolchildren tests and exercises

Consume Report

1994 survey

18,000 responders, 7,000 with problems, and 4,100 saw a professional

Long-term therapy more effective than short-term therapy

Psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers equally well

No specific form of therapy better

Insurance coverage matters

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Change in life

1990s- The Gulf War and the InternetNikki Seligman born 1991Darryl Seligman born 1993President of the Division of Clinical Psychology-1993Elected President of APA-1996Irene Seligman died February 26, 1996

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Inventing Positive Psychology

1996

Toronto Convention

Cold shoulder from the establishment

Working in the garden with Nikki

Achieve a good life: health and sanity

Announced Positive Psychology as a new field

Supported

Assembled a research team from leading social science institutes

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Positive Psychology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FBxfd7DL3E

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Discussion question

“Positive Psychology

is the scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play.”

Is it important for psychology to focus on the building of a better life? Should we focus on teaching resilience and resistance?

Is Positive Psychology a separate field of Psychology? A new field of Psychology?

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Good character

2000- George H.W. Bush elected, Rising tension from Al-Qadea Opening Positive Psychology CenterSuggests an un-DSMA manual of good character and sanityJoined with Chris Peterson Developed a manualPublished in 2004-

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Sixty

2001- 9/11Dec 15 and 16- Invitation of aidEvasion and resistance of learned helplessness2002- “Axis of Evil”, formation of Dept of Homeland SecurityInvited to speak at conference of Survival, Evasion, Resistance and EscapeLife is looking upPositive Psychology is burgeoning Reflective HappinessLaunch of “Authentic Happiness” - https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/PERMACriticism of Positive Psychology

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Positive education

Geelong Grammar School (GGS)Campaign to build well-being K-12Moved in 2006Gross National Happiness study5,347 studentsMeasured students’ well-being and standardized scoresEffective over the placebo

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Positive Health

2007- Started looking at cardiovascular link to positive strengthsPositive HealthLongevity Morbidity Quality-adjusted PrognosisHealth care Studies found optimism and emotional vitality reduce coronary heart diseases

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The cia

2008- War throughout the Middle East, Obama elected as presidentAllegations of aiding tortureCollaboration with Rhonda CornumComprehensive Soldier Fitness2015- Terrorist attack in Paris, Charleston shooting, and Same-sex Supreme Court decision APA launches an independent investigationJames Risen’s Pay Any Price accuses the APA

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Dr. Seligman

Age 75Continuing work in Positive Psychology and EducationZellerbach Family Professor of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaDirector of Positive Psychology American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017), the Tang Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychology (2014)

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Refences

Seligman, M. E. (2028).

The Hope Circuit

. New York, NY: Public Affairs.

Seligman, M. (n.d.). The new era of positive psychology. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/martin_seligman_on_the_state_of_psychology

Martin E.P. Seligman. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/people/martin-ep-seligman

Authentic Happiness. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004).

Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification

(Vol. 1).

Oxford University Press.