NeoFreudian Approach Jung’s Analytical Approach - PowerPoint Presentation

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NeoFreudian Approach

Jung’s Analytical Approach

ICSP254 Theories of PersonalitySlide2

Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Disagreements with

Freud

:

Over role of sexuality, libido as more generalized psychic energy

Forces that influence personality, not just the past

The unconscious, greater emphasis than

FreudSlide3

The Differences from Freud

Role of Sexuality

Minimized important of sex in his personality theory

Redefine

Libido

as general life energy

psychic energy which he now calls

psyche

is Jung’s term for personality, through which one is perceiving, thinking, feeling, and wishingSlide4

3 Basic Principles

Principle of Opposites

Existence of opposites in the universe (hot/cold, birth/death)

In psyche, every wish or feeling has its opposite. The greater the conflict between polarities, the greater the energy producedSlide5

3 Basic Principles

Principle of Equivalence

Conservation of energy

Energy expended in bringing about some condition is not lost but rather shifted to another part of personality

Ex. You lose interest in a person, the psychic energy that was invested in that area is shifted to a new one.

Note that the shifted energy will be equal (same level of desirable, compelling, or fascinating)

Energy is continually redistributed within the personalitySlide6

3 Basic Principles

Principle of Entropy

Tendency toward balance or equilibrium in the personality

Ex. If two hot and cold glass touched, the heat will redistributed until both are equally in temperatureSlide7

Systems of Personality

Ego

Conscious aspect of personality

Part of psyche concerned with perceiving, thinking, feeling, and remembering

Selective – only a portion of stimuli registered into the conscious

Attitudes – extravert or introvertSlide8

Systems of Personality

Personal Unconscious

Reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed

Two-way traffic between ego and personal unconscious

Ex. Our attention can wander readily from class to a memory of something from last weekSlide9

Systems of Personality

Collective Unconscious

deepest and least accessible level of psyche, containing accumulation of inherited experiences of human and pre-human species

This collective unconscious is passed on to new generations

Indirect inheritance: We inherit “potential” fear of snakes not direct fear. Our experience will determine whether we develop fear or notSlide10

Archetypes

Archetypes

– images of universal experience contained in the collective unconscious, manifested by recurring themes or patterns

These recurring patterns become imprinted in our psyche and are expressed in our dreams and fantasies

Example of archetypes are the mother, child, God, death, power, and wise old man.

Major archetypes include the persona, the anima and animus, the shadow, and the self. Slide11

Major ArchetypesSlide12

Major ArchetypesSlide13

Development of the Personality

Determined by what we hope to be (future) as well as what we have been (past)

We develop and grow, regardless of ageSlide14

Childhood to Young Adulthood

Ego develop in early childhood, in primitive way

Child’s personality at this age merely reflection of personalities of parents

Ego begin to form when the child is able to say “I”

Puberty is “psychic birth” – marked by difficulties and need to adapt. Childhood fantasies end and confronted with reality.

Primary attitude is extraversion – focus on external world and achievement (school, job)Slide15

Middle Age

Major personality changes occur between age 35 and 40

Middle age as time of personal crisis. Inevitable and universal.

Patients reported feeling empty. Life had lost its meaning.

Typical 40 year old is established in career, marriage, and community. Why, when success has been achieved, that so many are feeling despair and worthlessness?Slide16

Middle Age (2)

Before 40 – preparatory activities of the external world. Now that they have everything – there’s nowhere for the energy. Second half of life must be devoted to inner world.

Shift from extraversion to introversion.

Interests shifted from physical materials to spiritual, philosophical, and intuitive

Individuation

– process of actualizing the self, integrating unconscious with the conscious to attain a new level of positive psychological healthSlide17

Questions about Human Nature

Past or Present?

Both past and present

Free Will or Determinism?

Free will and spontaneity (from shadow)

Nature or Nurture?

Drive toward individuation is innate (nature) but can be helped with experience (nurture)Slide18

Questions about Human Nature

Unique or Universal?

Unique only first half of life. Universal progress toward individuation in middle age

Equilibrium or Growth?

Grow and develop throughout all ages

Optimism or Pessimism?

Positive image of personality and human natureSlide19

Assessment in Jung’s TheorySlide20

Word Association Test

Measure time it took to respond and physical reactions to determine emotionsSlide21

Symptom & Dream Analysis

Symptom analysis

– focus on symptoms reported by patients and try to interpret patient’s free association to those symptoms

Dream analysis

– interpretation of dream to uncover unconscious conflicts

Dreams are the path that we can see the unconscious

Look at recurring themes, issues, and problems as communicated by the subconsciousSlide22

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

An assessment test created based on Jung’s psychological types A self-report inventory that is very popular today

Of all corporations in the Fortune 100, 89 companies use MBTI for hiring and promotion decisionSlide23

Jung’s Personality Type

According to Jung’s theory of psychological types, people can be characterized by

Their preference of general attitude:

Extraverted (E)

or

Introverted (I)

Their preference of functions of perception:

Sensing (S)

or

Intuition (N)

Their preference of functions of judging:

Thinking (T)

or

Feeling (F)

These area of preferences are dichotomies with one function (of each) dominant.Slide24

Extraversion vs Introversion

Extraverted (E)

– attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward the external world and other people

Open, sociable, socially assertive, oriented toward others and external world

Introverted (I)

– attitude of the psyche characterized by an orientation toward one’s own thoughts and feelings

Withdrawn, shy, focus on self-thoughts-feelings

Capacity for BOTH, but you have to determine which one is

dominantSlide25

Sensing vs. Intuition

Sensing (S)

– produce experience through the senses the way a photograph copies an object

Intuition (I)

– does not arise from external stimulus

Question: If you sit in a dark room and feel a presence of someone else in the room (even though you cannot see), you are using ________ (sensing/intuition)?Slide26

Thinking vs. Feeling

The way we organize, categorize, and making evaluations about our experiences

Thinking (T)

– conscious judgment of whether an experience is true or false

Feeling (F)

– dislike, pleasantness or unpleasantness, stimulated or dullSlide27

The 16 personality types