Chairs: Hank Chau, . Evonne. Pei, Jonathan Wu. Measures to Ensure the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Resources. Jonathan Wu. Current Events. African nations begin developing nuclear power. Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa (expanding). ID: 214443
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Presentations text content in Nuclear Security Summit 2014
Slide1
Nuclear Security Summit 2014
Chairs: Hank Chau,
Evonne
Pei, Jonathan Wu
Slide2
Measures to Ensure the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Resources
Jonathan Wu
Slide3
Current Events
African nations begin developing nuclear power
Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa (expanding)
Need cheap source of energy for power
Use low enriched uranium not for weapon use
Japan allows some displaced Fukushima residents to return home
3 years after nuclear accident
Some nuclear power companies want start up again
Slide4
Current Events
China develops thorium-based nuclear power
A safer, more environmental alternative to uranium
First power plant to be built by 2015
Less able to be enriched to weapon grade
Recent research breakthrough in Nuclear Fusion research
A more reliable form of peaceful nuclear energy
Replaces nuclear fission to be more environmental
Slide5
Positions of Key Players and Possible Blocs
European Union
The EU support the peaceful uses of nuclear technology under the NPT and support the safeguarding of nuclear resources for non-violent uses
P5 Nations (US, UK, France, Russia, China)
The P5 nations are all allowed to possess weapon grade forms of nuclear resources, however, they are all trying to increase their non-violent forms of nuclear energy
Slide6
Positions of Key Players and Possible Blocs
LEDCs
Many LEDC nations do not have the resources needed for nuclear proliferation, however, wish to use nuclear resources as a way to generate power and help encourage development
Middle Eastern Nations
A few nations have concerns with nuclear security and a few do not ratify the NPT and are thus proliferating nuclear resources for aggressive uses. However, many other Middle Eastern states are interested in the creation of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone and developing with the aid of nuclear resources
Japan
Japan does not support the use of nuclear technology for any purpose whether peaceful or violent, as it has experienced great disasters from both nuclear bombings and the previous nuclear power plant leakage at Fukushima.
Slide7
The question of effective actions towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons.
Evonne
Pei
Slide8
The total global nuclear stockpile is approximately 17,300the United States, Russia, Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, and North KoreaJanuary- India and Japan reaffirmed their shared commitment to the total elimination of nuclear weapons.March- Cuba; called for total elimination of nuclear weapons Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ( CELAC) declared the region a zone of peace2015 Deep Cuts:The U.S. and Russia negotiate a bilateral accord to cut their arsenals 80% to 1,000 total warheads each (to be implemented by 2018). All other nuclear weapons countries agree to freeze the total number of warheads in their arsenals and commit to participate in multilateral negotiations for proportionate reductions of stockpiles.
Recent Events
Slide9Slide10
approximately 7,700 nuclear weapons (more than enough explosive power to destroy the world) US President Barack Obama's June Berlin speech, in which he declared, ‘so long as nuclear weapons exist, we are not truly safe
United States
Slide11
250 nuclear weapons, including 75 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)flight-tested a hypersonic nuclear missile delivery vehicle capable of penetrating any existing defense system.
China
Slide12
Iran urges elimination of “inhuman” nuclear weapons ahead of talks on its nuclear programurges all countries to sign the nuclear test ban treatyencourages the establishment of new nuclear-weapon-free zones calls on North Korea to abandon all nuclear weapons and expresses concern at its uranium enrichment and light water reactor constructionThe Iranian envoy further called for global disarmament and stressed that, “The total elimination of these inhuman weapons is the only absolute guarantee against their threat or use.”
Iran
Slide13
After ratifying the New START Treaty, the United States and Russia agree to reduce to 1,000 total warheads each by 2018.Ukraine CrisisAnnexation of Crimea
Russia
Slide14
The CTBT bans nuclear explosions by everyone, everywhere: on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, underwater and underground.March: Niue ratifies the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban TreatyCTBT has been signed by 183 countries (162 have also ratified); however, it can only be enforced after it has been ratified by the 8 remaining nuclear capable countries: China, the DPRK, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Slide15
Conclusion: “no State or international organization has the capacity to address or provide the short and long term humanitarian assistance and protection needed in case of a nuclear weapon explosion.”Northeast Asia and Middle East: declare themselves “nuclear weapon non-use zones,”
Second Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons
Slide16
Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Africa in 2009Many non-nuclear weapon states, including the majority of African states, will participate in the debates in Mexico. the African continent could play an important role in negotiating a ban on nuclear weapons
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones
Important
they can
help
convince states (that possess nuclear weapons) to engage from a humanitarian approach.
Slide17
April 11-12, the Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Initiative will convene in Hiroshima, attended by the foreign ministers of 12 states.
Upcoming
Slide18
The Question of Preventing Non-state Actors from attaining nuclear weapons
Hank Chau
Slide19
NPT: Not enough?
“Unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a weapons of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013.” – Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism of the US Congress in a report in 2008.
Although it is already now 2014, and the chance of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of non-state actors (ex: terrorists) is not very high, this issue still poses a massive threat to international security, as the results would be devastating to every nation state.
Slide20
Nuclear Security Summit 2014
The Nuclear Security Summit 2014 was held in Hague, Netherlands on March 24 and 25, with 53 state leaders and 3 observers (UN, EU, IAEA) attending to discuss the existing and future threats of nuclear weapons.
Slide21
Nuclear Security Summit 2014
The three listed goals for NSS 2014 were:
1. Reducing the amount of dangerous nuclear materials
2. Improving security on nuclear sources and its usage
3. Enhancing international cooperation in non-proliferation
Slide22
United States
U.S President Obama placed the issue of non-state actors obtaining nuclear weapons on a global agenda in 2009.In NSS 2014, Obama expressed (once again) his concern on terrorists obtaining nuclear weapons.
Slide23
IAEA
The International Atomic Energy Agency is an IGO that dedicates to the scientific research and safety usage of nuclear energy. Currently, it works with numerous member states to develop nuclear safety programs while implementing nuclear disarmament. In 2013, 146 incidents involving nuclear or radioactive material were reported to the IAEA, proving the need for more attention on nuclear regulation.
Slide24
Possible Blocs or Alliances
International cooperation is required to truly and effectively prevent non-state actors from obtaining nuclear weapons.
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DownloadNote - The PPT/PDF document "Nuclear Security Summit 2014" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Presentations text content in Nuclear Security Summit 2014
Nuclear Security Summit 2014
Chairs: Hank Chau,
Evonne
Pei, Jonathan Wu
Slide2Measures to Ensure the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Resources
Jonathan Wu
Slide3Current Events
African nations begin developing nuclear power
Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa (expanding)
Need cheap source of energy for power
Use low enriched uranium not for weapon use
Japan allows some displaced Fukushima residents to return home
3 years after nuclear accident
Some nuclear power companies want start up again
Slide4Current Events
China develops thorium-based nuclear power
A safer, more environmental alternative to uranium
First power plant to be built by 2015
Less able to be enriched to weapon grade
Recent research breakthrough in Nuclear Fusion research
A more reliable form of peaceful nuclear energy
Replaces nuclear fission to be more environmental
Slide5Positions of Key Players and Possible Blocs
European Union
The EU support the peaceful uses of nuclear technology under the NPT and support the safeguarding of nuclear resources for non-violent uses
P5 Nations (US, UK, France, Russia, China)
The P5 nations are all allowed to possess weapon grade forms of nuclear resources, however, they are all trying to increase their non-violent forms of nuclear energy
Slide6Positions of Key Players and Possible Blocs
LEDCs
Many LEDC nations do not have the resources needed for nuclear proliferation, however, wish to use nuclear resources as a way to generate power and help encourage development
Middle Eastern Nations
A few nations have concerns with nuclear security and a few do not ratify the NPT and are thus proliferating nuclear resources for aggressive uses. However, many other Middle Eastern states are interested in the creation of a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone and developing with the aid of nuclear resources
Japan
Japan does not support the use of nuclear technology for any purpose whether peaceful or violent, as it has experienced great disasters from both nuclear bombings and the previous nuclear power plant leakage at Fukushima.
Slide7The question of effective actions towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons.
Evonne
Pei
Slide8The total global nuclear stockpile is approximately 17,300the United States, Russia, Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, and North KoreaJanuary- India and Japan reaffirmed their shared commitment to the total elimination of nuclear weapons.March- Cuba; called for total elimination of nuclear weapons Community of Latin American and Caribbean States ( CELAC) declared the region a zone of peace2015 Deep Cuts:The U.S. and Russia negotiate a bilateral accord to cut their arsenals 80% to 1,000 total warheads each (to be implemented by 2018). All other nuclear weapons countries agree to freeze the total number of warheads in their arsenals and commit to participate in multilateral negotiations for proportionate reductions of stockpiles.
Recent Events
Slide9Slide10approximately 7,700 nuclear weapons (more than enough explosive power to destroy the world) US President Barack Obama's June Berlin speech, in which he declared, ‘so long as nuclear weapons exist, we are not truly safe
United States
Slide11250 nuclear weapons, including 75 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)flight-tested a hypersonic nuclear missile delivery vehicle capable of penetrating any existing defense system.
China
Slide12Iran urges elimination of “inhuman” nuclear weapons ahead of talks on its nuclear programurges all countries to sign the nuclear test ban treatyencourages the establishment of new nuclear-weapon-free zones calls on North Korea to abandon all nuclear weapons and expresses concern at its uranium enrichment and light water reactor constructionThe Iranian envoy further called for global disarmament and stressed that, “The total elimination of these inhuman weapons is the only absolute guarantee against their threat or use.”
Iran
Slide13After ratifying the New START Treaty, the United States and Russia agree to reduce to 1,000 total warheads each by 2018.Ukraine CrisisAnnexation of Crimea
Russia
Slide14The CTBT bans nuclear explosions by everyone, everywhere: on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, underwater and underground.March: Niue ratifies the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban TreatyCTBT has been signed by 183 countries (162 have also ratified); however, it can only be enforced after it has been ratified by the 8 remaining nuclear capable countries: China, the DPRK, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Slide15Conclusion: “no State or international organization has the capacity to address or provide the short and long term humanitarian assistance and protection needed in case of a nuclear weapon explosion.”Northeast Asia and Middle East: declare themselves “nuclear weapon non-use zones,”
Second Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons
Slide16Establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Africa in 2009Many non-nuclear weapon states, including the majority of African states, will participate in the debates in Mexico. the African continent could play an important role in negotiating a ban on nuclear weapons
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones
Important
they can
help
convince states (that possess nuclear weapons) to engage from a humanitarian approach.
Slide17April 11-12, the Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Initiative will convene in Hiroshima, attended by the foreign ministers of 12 states.
Upcoming
Slide18The Question of Preventing Non-state Actors from attaining nuclear weapons
Hank Chau
Slide19NPT: Not enough?
“Unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a weapons of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013.” – Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism of the US Congress in a report in 2008.
Although it is already now 2014, and the chance of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of non-state actors (ex: terrorists) is not very high, this issue still poses a massive threat to international security, as the results would be devastating to every nation state.
Slide20Nuclear Security Summit 2014
The Nuclear Security Summit 2014 was held in Hague, Netherlands on March 24 and 25, with 53 state leaders and 3 observers (UN, EU, IAEA) attending to discuss the existing and future threats of nuclear weapons.
Slide21Nuclear Security Summit 2014
The three listed goals for NSS 2014 were:
1. Reducing the amount of dangerous nuclear materials
2. Improving security on nuclear sources and its usage
3. Enhancing international cooperation in non-proliferation
Slide22United States
U.S President Obama placed the issue of non-state actors obtaining nuclear weapons on a global agenda in 2009.In NSS 2014, Obama expressed (once again) his concern on terrorists obtaining nuclear weapons.
Slide23IAEA
The International Atomic Energy Agency is an IGO that dedicates to the scientific research and safety usage of nuclear energy. Currently, it works with numerous member states to develop nuclear safety programs while implementing nuclear disarmament. In 2013, 146 incidents involving nuclear or radioactive material were reported to the IAEA, proving the need for more attention on nuclear regulation.
Slide24Possible Blocs or Alliances
International cooperation is required to truly and effectively prevent non-state actors from obtaining nuclear weapons.
Useful Links:
https
://www.nss2014.com/en/nss-2014/countries-and-
achievements
http://
americanforeignpolicy.pbworks.com
/w/page/12563688/Nuclear%20Non-Proliferation%20Treaty