Sociobiology is any kind of interaction between two or more animals Usually intraspecific Usually represents contests for resources Agonistic behavior involves threatening and submissive behavior often ID: 406446
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Sociobiology" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
SociobiologySlide2
Sociobiology is any kind of interaction between two or more animals
Usually
intraspecificSlide3
Usually represents contests for resources
Agonistic
behavior involves threatening and submissive behavior, often ritualized
Competitive BehaviorSlide4Slide5
Agonistic behavior
usually
does not result in the death of either animalAgonistic behavior may determine rights to food, mates, or territorySlide6Slide7
In animals where social dynamics are important
reconciliation
behavior has been seenSlide8Slide9
“Pecking order”
Can be “despotic” or “linear”
Dominance hierarchy Slide10
In the spotted hyena females are dominant over males
Hierarchy is nepotistic, offspring of high ranked females automatically outrank lower ranked femalesSlide11
An area of land that is claimed by an individual
Usually all other
conspecifics (members of the same species are excluded from the territory
Territories vary in size based upon the size of the animal and what its needed for
Territoriality Slide12Slide13
Home ranges are the area where animals roam but are not actively defended
Territory
vs
Home RangeSlide14
Territories may be claimed by a variety of means, the most common are:
Aural– Bird song
Olfactory – scent marking
Claiming territorySlide15
Observations
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBX8hWuiHTk (3:55)
Mating behaviorSlide16
Reproductive behavior includes seeking, choosing, and competing for mates, as well as caring for offspring.Slide17
Courtship is any behavioral patterns that lead to mating
The purpose of courtship is to identify
conspecifics and to identify mates that are ready to reproduceSlide18
Much of mating behavior stems from the unequal investment males and females put into their offspring
Parental InvestmentSlide19
In
most
systems the male (sperm creators) will gain an evolutionary benefit by having multiple matesIn
most
systems the female (egg creators) will gain an evolutionary benefit by having a single high quality mateSlide20
Female choice results when females screen out low quality males and only mate with high quality malesSlide21Slide22
Promiscuity – no pair bonds
Monogamy – one male/one female, lasts through at least one mating season
Polygamy – any system where lasting relationships are not monogamous
Promiscuity, Monogamy, PolygamySlide23
Polygyny – One male, multiple females
Polyandry – One female, multiple males
Polygynandry – Any given female may have multiple male partners, any given male may have multiple female partners. Slide24
Amount of care required for offspring (promotes monogamy)
Certainty of paternity (promotes monogamy)
Capability to make more offspring
Factors influencing mating systemsSlide25Slide26
Communication occurs when a
sender
produces a signal that is detected by a
receiver
Communication may be visual, auditory, chemical, tactile
CommunicationSlide27
Communication done through odor (chemical signals)
Pheromones
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5uiSyFBpgMSlide28
Karl von FrischClose food sources result in a “round dance”
Long distance = waggle dance. Angle relative to vertical surface = angle relative to sun.
More waggles = more distance.
Honeybee danceSlide29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ijI-g4jHg