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The Birth of the Republican The Birth of the Republican

The Birth of the Republican - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Birth of the Republican - PPT Presentation

Party 103 The Birth of the Republican Party Main Idea The issue of slavery dominated US politics in the 1850s Differences Between North and South North South North economy based on manufacturing and industrialization ID: 230070

north slavery party south slavery north south party slave republican kansas lincoln fugitive secession john territories won slaves scott

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Slide1

The Birth of the Republican Party

10-3Slide2

The Birth of the Republican Party

Main Idea – The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s.Slide3

Differences Between North and South

North

SouthSlide4

North

economy based on manufacturing and industrialization

railroad construction very common

urbanization (growth of cities)

immigration from European countries was

commonSlide5

South

economy based on agriculture and slavery – cotton was the major cash crop

primarily a rural region of plantations and small farms

lack of railroads and industry

no significant European immigration to the

SouthSlide6

Slavery in the Territories

Wilmot Proviso – def. – plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican War

SIG – sparked sectional conflict over slavery issue – North vs. South

California applied for statehood as a free state

Gold Rush of 1849 led to an explosion in California’s population

Upset Southerners – demanded that slavery be allowed to expand WestSlide7

The Compromise of 1850

Background:

Henry Clay (aka “The Great Compromiser”) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromise

California = free state

New Mexico and Utah territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue

Popular sovereignty – def. – the residents of a territory would vote for or against slaverySlide8

The Compromise of 1850

New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of New Mexico, but Texas received debts paid by federal government

Slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished

Very popular in the North, very controversial in the South

New Fugitive Slave Law passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the South

Very popular in the South, very controversial in the NorthSlide9

Protest, Resistance, and Violence

Chapter 10 - Section 2Slide10

Protest, Resistance, and Violence

Main Idea – Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions

.Slide11

Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad

Fugitive Slave Law

Underground Railroad

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Tubman

Slide12

Fugitive Slave Law

Northerners angered by the new

Fugitive Slave Law

- part of the Compromise of 1850

runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by jury

Helping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail

timeSlide13

Underground Railroad

– def. – secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and

Canada

Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman

– former slave and “conductor” on the underground railroad

Made 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedom

Nicknamed “Moses” of her people for her

efforts

Frederick DouglassSlide14

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

(

1852) – antislavery novel written by

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Attacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the North

SIG

– increased sectional tensions between North and SouthSlide15

Tensions in Kansas

Kansas-Nebraska Act

“Bleeding Kansas”

“Bleeding Sumner”

Slide16

Kansas-Nebraska Act

(1854) – Stephen Douglas’ plan to organize territories in the West

Popular sovereignty

- settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska

Repealed the

Missouri Compromise

– Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the 36 30’ parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line)

SIG

– sectional tensions exploded – Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been banned

led to the formation of the Republican

PartySlide17

“Bleeding Kansas”

– violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each other

Two rival governments were set up for the Kansas territory

Pro-slavery capital = Lecompton

Anti-slavery capital = Topeka

“Sack of Lawrence”

– pro-slavery men burned and looted an anti-slavery town

“Pottawatomie Massacre”

John Brown

(an abolitionist) murdered 5 slave owners with broad-swords in Kansas

SIG

– Kansas erupted in its own civil

warSlide18

“Bleeding Sumner”

–Senator

Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S.

Senate

SIG

– sectional tensions increased – North defended Sumner, South cheered BrooksSlide19

Activity

On the map provided label Free States and Slave States as well as territories open to slavery.

Make sure your map is colored!!!Slide20

The Birth of the Republican Party

10-3Slide21

The Birth of the Republican Party

Main Idea – In the mid-1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party

.Slide22

New Political Parties Emerge

Whig Party

Republican Party

Know-Nothing Party

Slide23

New Political Parties

Background:

Whig Party

– collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery Slide24

Know Nothing Party

(American Party) – established 1854

Members believed in

nativism

– def. – favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants

anti-immigrant and anti-CatholicSlide25

Republican Party

established 1854

Opposed to the expansion of slavery into western territories

Supported by many people in the North as a result of “Bleeding Kansas”Slide26

Slavery and Secession

10-4Slide27

Slavery and Secession

Main Idea – A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war.Slide28

Slavery Dominates Politics

President

James Buchanan

Dred

Scott v.

Sandford

(aka

Dred

Scott Decision

)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

Slide29

James Buchanan

President elected

in 1856

Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issue

Typical of ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850sSlide30

Dred Scott v.

Sandford

Dred

Scott

Decision

(1857)

Background

:

Dred

Scott – African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of Illinois

Roger B. Taney

(Chief Justice) - ruled that

African Americans were not citizens

Missouri Compromise line was unconstitutional because it violated property rights

SIG –

sectionalism exploded – decision hated by North and cheered by

South

Dred

ScottSlide31

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

(1858)

Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858

SIG

- Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860Slide32

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

(1859)

John Brown – abolitionist who wanted to lead a slave revolt in the South

Harpers Ferry – federal armory and arsenal

Brown’s goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revolt

John Brown was captured and hanged for treason

SIG

– sectionalism between North and South exploded

In the South, John Brown was viewed as an evil murderer

In the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic martyr, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actionsSlide33

Lincoln is Elected President

Election of 1860

– revealed sectionalism between the North and SouthSlide34

Election of 1860

Candidates

Abraham Lincoln

(Republican)

Stephen Douglas

(Northern Democrat)

John C. Breckenridge

(Southern Democrat)

John Bell

(Constitutional Union Party

)

Lincoln Douglass DebateSlide35

Election of 1860

Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular vote

He won all northern states

He won no southern states

SIG

– South was upset at Lincoln’s election – led directly to secession crisis

LincolnSlide36

Southern Secession

Secession Crisis

Confederate States of AmericaSlide37

Secession Crisis

(1860-1861)

South Carolina – seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s election

Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TexasSlide38

Confederate States of America

(CSA)

– Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the Union

Emphasized states rights

Devoted to the protection of slavery

Jefferson Davis = president of the CSA

President Buchanan did nothing in response to the secession crisis = ineffective

leader