POSC 104S Reconstruction 1860s Civil War erupts and concludes 13 th 14 th 15 th Amendments abolish slavery invoke equal protection mandate universal suffrage Lincoln Assassinated and Andrew Johnson becomes president ID: 536587
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Slide1
Reconstruction and Black Disfranchisement
POSC 104SSlide2
Reconstruction
1860s Civil War erupts and concludes
13
th
, 14
th
, 15
th
Amendments abolish slavery, invoke equal protection, mandate universal
suffrage
Lincoln Assassinated and Andrew Johnson becomes president
Debate
began over what to do with freed southern blacks
Republican Party sought to augment black political participation in the South, and disfranchise former
rebelsSlide3
Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson is actually a Southern Democrat from Tennessee and fairly quickly moves to put white aristocracy back in control in the South
U.S. General Grant and Secretary of State believe this threatens the U.S. Army, so secretly work with the Republican Congress
Republican Party in crisis over electoral coalition.
If Republicans do nothing, African Americans will effectively be placed back into slavery/indentured labor
White South will have even greater representation in Congress than before; Republicans will be out of power.Slide4
Reconstruction
“The reward of treason will be an increase representation in the House” – Illinois Republican Congressman
This sentiment was shared by Black political leaders
The perception among Republican leaders was that they stood to lose a great deal as a party: they created a new electoral coalition that anchored future success
Thus the main impetus behind Republican action for Reconstruction was electoral and political controlSlide5
Reconstruction
Republicans pass a series of Reconstruction Acts and override President Johnson’s
veto
The Tenure of Office Act
Command of Army Act
Supplementary Reconstruction Act
These acts resulted in Constitutional conventions, which passed laws that effectively franchised Blacks and disfranchised many former White confederate rebels
Black suffrage protected GOP’s future – something many northern Democrats had recognized as early as 1965Slide6
Reconstruction
About 703,000 adult male Blacks but only 627,000 adult male Whites were registered during military reconstruction
Black community played an important role in their own incorporation:
Black Soldiers: New found confidence to fight oppression
Church/Religion: Reverends and Pastors often became
candidates
These social networks served as the basis of the Republican Party in the South, which otherwise was built from the ground upSlide7
ReconstructionSlide8
Reconstruction
Hayes-Tilden Presidential Election of 1876 is stalled
Huge debate, some states close to seceding again.
Compromise of 1877:
Hayes (Republican) wins election
Reconstruction military pulls out of South
Federal funding for rivers and
harbors
This set off eventual redemption of all Southern states from carpetbaggers and Black RepublicansSlide9
ReconstructionSlide10
ReconstructionSlide11
Disfranchisement
Now go into techniques, etc….