Fruits and Seed By Prof Kiran B Arangale MSc CSIRNET MHSET Department of Botany Arts Commerce and Science College Sonai A product of flowers usually developed as a result of flower being pollinated Referred to as ripened ovary ID: 1026119
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1. Subject: Plant life and Utilization. Fruits and Seed ByProf. Kiran B. Arangale (M.Sc. CSIR-NET, MH-SET)Department of BotanyArts, Commerce and Science College, Sonai.
2. A product of flowers usually developed as a result of flower being pollinated. Referred to as “ripened ovary”.Its primary function is to distribute seeds to new areas where the plant might grow (seed dispersal vehicle).What is a Fruit?The ovary of the flower contains the ovules.As fertilized ovules develop into seeds, the ovary wall develops into the fruit.In science, the term “fruit” refers to a mature ovary that contains seeds.
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4. A fruit is composed of the pericarp and the seed.Pericarp is the ovary wall which surrounds the seed (seed container). It has three regions: exocarp/epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp.
5. Classifications of Fruit
6. Classification of fruits:Fruits are classified into three types- Simple, Aggregate and Multiple fruits.Simple fruits – develop from monocarpellary or syncarpous ovaries of single flower i.e. one flower - one fruit.Aggregate fruits – develop from apocarpous ovaries of single flower i.e. one flower - many fruits.Composite or Multiple fruits – develop from many flowers or entire inflorescence i.e. many flowers - single fruit)
7. 1. Simple FruitsDeveloped from one single ovary containing one or more carpels and may or may not include additional accessory structure.Types : 1. Indehiscent Fruits - Dry - FleshyTypes : 2. Dehiscent Fruits - Legume / Pod - Follicle - Capsule - Schizocarpic
8. Indehiscent Fruits - Dry 1. AchenesIt is small, dry one seeded indehiscent fruit developed from superior ovary.Seeds connect to the pericarp only at the base.E.g. Sunflowers, Mirabilis.
9. Indehiscent Fruits - Dry 2. Cypsela:It is a simple, dry and indehiscent fruit.It is derived from bicarpellary, syncarpous supireour ovary.It is unilocular and single seeded fruit
10. Indehiscent Fruits - Fleshy1. Drupe:It is developed from monocarpellary or multi carpellary, syncarpous ovary. Here the pericarp has three distinct layersEpicarp forms the skin of the fruit.Meso carp is fibrous / pulpy Endocarp is hard and stony.
11. Indehiscent Fruits - Fleshy2. Berry:It is derived from monocarpellary or polycarpellary syncarpous ovary. Here Epicarp forms the skin Mesocarp and endocarp forms the pulp and in the pulp the seeds remain scattered.
12. Indehiscent Fruits - Fleshy3. Hesperidium:It is fleshy, thick skinned berry with hard and leathery pericarp.It is derived from polycarpellary multilocular superior ovary.
13. Indehiscent Fruits - Fleshy4.Pepo It is a berry with a hard, thick skin called the rind Pumpkins, watermelons
14. Indehiscent Fruits - Fleshy5. PomeIt is a simple fleshy false fruit.Here the edible part of the fruit is the fleshy receptacle.
15. Dehiscent Fruits 1. Legume:It is simple dry dehiscent fruit.It is derived from monocarpellary ovary.Here the fruit splits along both the sutures
16. Dehiscent Fruits 2. Follicles Have single carpel.Open along one seam when the seeds are to be released.
17. Dehiscent Fruits 3. Capsule:It is simple dry dehiscent fruit.It is derived from polycarpellary syncarpous superior ovary.At maturity the fruit splits open
18. Single flower produces many fruits in clusters. Eachtiny fruit is called fruitlet.A bunch of fruitlets is called Etaerio.These fruits are developed from polycarpellaryapocarous ovary.2. Aggregate fruits
19. 1. Etaerio of berries:Cluster of berry type of fruits E.g. Custard apple2. Aggregate fruits
20. 2. Etaerio of follicles:It is a cluster of follicle types of fruits. E.g. Champaka,2. Aggregate fruits
21. develop from entire inflorescence.Sorosis – develops from spike or spadix inflorescence.E.g. Jack fruit (yellow perianth is edible), Pineapple (swollen fleshy rachis is edible), Mulberry.Syconus – develops from hypanthodium inflorescence. E.g. Ficus (Thalamus is edible)3. Multiple fruits:
22. Seed –the fertilized ovules:Seeds are covered by seed coat and enclose partially developed sporophytic plant.Seeds lacking endosperm are called exalbuminous or non-endosperms seeds while seed with endosperm are albuminous or endospermous seeds.
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25. Assignment Definition of Fruits.Short notes on Classifications of Fruits Give the detail procedure of Seed formation.What is mean by the Double fertilization.Short notes on Endosperm.