vaccinepreventable shortterm liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus found in the stool and blood of people who are infected very contagious it is spread when someone unknowingly ingests the virus even in microscopic amounts ID: 927185
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Slide1
BBP & CD: HAV
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV):
vaccine-preventable, short-term liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus
found in the stool and blood of people who are infected
very contagious, it is spread when someone unknowingly ingests the virus — even in microscopic amounts:
through close personal contact with an infected person
through eating contaminated food or drink
Slide2BBP & CD: HAV
Slide3BBP & CD: HAV
Incubation Period
Signs & Symptoms
Communicability Period
If symptoms occur, the average time from exposure is 2 – 7 weeks
Can last up to 2 months
Not everyone will have symptoms, if they occur, these are common:
Fever
Weakness
Fatigue
Nausea
Stomach Pain
Jaundice
Vomiting
Dark Urine
Can be spread up to two weeks before symptoms occur
Can be spread when no symptoms occurring in an infected person
Can spread up to a week after symptoms subside
Can survive in open air for months
Slide4BBP & CD: HAV
Since March 2017, CDC’s Division of Viral Hepatitis (DVH) has been assisting multiple state and local health departments with hepatitis A outbreaks, spread through person-to-person contact.
In 2018, a total of 12,474 hepatitis A cases were reported in the United States. Because some people don’t ever get diagnosed, the actual number of cases in that year is probably closer to 24,900.
Slide5BBP & CD: HAV
Slide6BBP & CD: HAV
The hepatitis A virus can survive outside the body for months. Heating food and liquids to temperatures of 185°F (85°C) for at least 1 minute can kill the virus. Exposure to freezing temperatures does not kill the virus.
Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated (killed) vaccine. Two doses are needed for long-lasting protection. These doses should be given at least 6 months apart.
Slide7BBP & CD: HAV
Slide8BBP & CD: Hepatitis – A, B, C Recap
HAV
is a non-
bbp
HBV
is a
bbp
HCV
is a
bbp
Slide9BBP & CD: Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Slide10BBP & CD: Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Coronavirus (COVID-19):
is caused by the SARS-CoV-19 virus
“It spreads through respiratory droplets or small particles, such as those in aerosols, produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, sings, talks, or breathes.
These particles can be inhaled into the nose, mouth, airways, and lungs and cause infection. This is thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
Droplets can also land on surfaces and objects and be transferred by touch. A person may get COVID-19 by touching the surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes.
Spread from touching surfaces is NOT thought to be the main way the virus spreads.”
*info current as of Jan 2021
Slide11BBP & CD: Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Coronavirus (COVID-19):
is caused by the SARS-CoV-19 virus
“The virus that causes COVID-19 most commonly spreads between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet, or 2 arm lengths).”
“It is possible that COVID-19 may spread through the droplets and airborne particles that are formed when a person who has COVID-19 coughs, sneezes, sings, talks, or breathes. There is growing evidence that droplets and airborne particles can remain suspended in the air and be breathed in by others, and travel distances beyond 6 feet (for example, during choir practice, in restaurants, or in fitness classes). In general, indoor environments without good ventilation increase this risk.”
People without symptoms may be able to spread the virus
*info current as of Jan 2021
Slide12BBP & CD: Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Incubation Period
Signs & Symptoms
Communicability Period
2 – 14 days after exposure
Can be mild or severe
Older adults & those with other medical conditions may develop more serious complications
Symptoms may include:
Fever
Cough
Headaches
Fatigue
Muscle/body aches
Loss of taste/smell
Sore throat
Nausea
Diarrhea
CDC recommends isolation until:
10 days since symptoms first appeared, and;
24
hrs
with NO fever (without fever reducing meds), and;
other symptoms are improving (note that loss of taste/smell may persist for
wks
/months & need not delay ending isolation)
Otherwise assumed contagious
Slide13BBP & CD: Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Visit National Environmental Health Association for COVID-19 Resources & consult your local health department for the most current recommendations and/or regulationsIf the recommended social distance span of 6 feet cannot be accomplished, therefore:Require patients to wear face masks & wash hands
Practitioner to don face mask, gown and gloves at minimumConsider goggles and/or face shieldEnsure your facility’s disinfectant is indicated for use with SARS-CoV-19
Slide14BBP & CD: Herpes
Slide15BBP & CD: Herpes
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV):
a virus that causes two main types of herpes
Two Types
HSV-1: thought of as oral herpes, mostly found in & around the mouth, “cold sores”
HSV-2: thought of as genital herpes
Either type can effect either areaMost people who have herpes do not know itThere is no cure, medication can prevent and shorten outbreaks
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Incubation Period
Signs & Symptoms
Communicability Period
If symptoms occur, the average time from exposure is 4 days, but ranges 2 – 12 days
Some never notice symptoms, but a first outbreak may include:
Fever
Body Ache
Swollen Glands
Sores usually appear as blisters on or around:
Genitals
Mouth
Rectum
May experience itching, tingling, or burning before appearance of “cold sores”
When lesions are visible
Can also be spread through skin shed when an infected person is asymptomatic
Slide17BBP & CD: Molluscum Contagiosum
Slide18BBP & CD: Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum Contagiosum:
an infection caused by a pox virus
Results in a benign, mild skin disease with lesions called Mollusca
Mollusca are small and raised, usually flesh-colored with a pit center and smooth and firm
Can occur anywhere on the body and can be itchy, sore, red & swollen
The infection usually passes/clears itself within 6 – 12 months without scarring but can take up to 4 years
Most commonly found in childrenWhen spread by adults, it is usually sexually transmittedSpread skin-to-skin, but also through contaminated objects like towels
Slide19BBP & CD: Molluscum Contagiosum
Incubation Period
Signs & Symptoms
Communicability Period
First bumps appear between 2 & 8 weeks after getting the virus
Skin bumps:
Small
Raised
Round
Flesh-colored
Itchy
Red & Inflamed
Indented in middle
Have a white, waxy substance in center
Typically Appear:
Face
Neck
Armpits
Genitals
Inner, Upper thighs
So long as lesions are visible/present
Scratching may spread it to new areas on an infected person
Slide20BBP & CD: Shingles / Herpes Zoster
The best prevention tactic is vaccination
Slide21BBP & CD: Shingles / Herpes Zoster
Shingles:
caused by varicella virus
Anyone who's had chickenpox may develop shingles.
It isn't known what reactivates the virus.
Shingles causes a painful rash that may appear as a stripe of blisters on the trunk of the body.
Pain can persist even after the rash is gone.
A chickenpox vaccine in childhood or a shingles vaccine as an adult can minimize the risk of developing shingles.
Slide22BBP & CD: Shingles / Herpes Zoster
Shingles:
caused by varicella virus
Can spread from someone with active shingles and cause chickenpox in someone who has never had chickenpox nor the chickenpox vaccine
It is spread through direct contact with fluid from rash blisters
Even children can get shingles
Risk of shingles increases with age
An infected person cannot give shingles to someone, but they can give them chickenpox, it is the same virus
Slide23BBP & CD: Shingles / Herpes Zoster
Incubation Period
Signs & Symptoms
Communicability Period
Lives in the body forever after chickenpox infection
Only contagious when an outbreak occurs & blisters are present
Pain & itching & tingling where a rash will appear
Rash presents as a single stripe around either side of body
Other symptoms may include:
Fever
Headache
Chills
Upset Stomach
Infectious when the rash is in the blister phase
No longer infectious after the rash crusts, usually within 7 – 10 days of blisters appearing