/
Zika Virus Basics 1 PPT-146-01 Zika Virus Basics 1 PPT-146-01

Zika Virus Basics 1 PPT-146-01 - PowerPoint Presentation

angelina
angelina . @angelina
Follow
357 views
Uploaded On 2022-06-11

Zika Virus Basics 1 PPT-146-01 - PPT Presentation

Bureau of Workers Compensation PA Training for Health amp Safety PATHS Zika Virus Basics Common Name Asian tiger mosquito Scientific name Aedes albopictus Skuse ID: 916877

ppt 146 virus zika 146 ppt zika virus water workers aedes mosquito clothing insect spread exposure symptoms repellent skin

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Zika Virus Basics 1 PPT-146-01" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Zika Virus Basics

1

PPT-146-01

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)

Slide2

Zika Virus Basics

Common Name: Asian tiger mosquitoScientific name: Aedes albopictus (Skuse)Aedes species mosquitoes are a principal carrier of Zika virus in the U.S

2

PPT-146-01

Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)

Slide3

History

1947: isolated from monkeys in Zika Forest, Uganda1952: identified in humans in Uganda1985: First documented in the United States in Texas1986: Asian tiger mosquito found in Florida

3

PPT-146-01

Slide4

History

2007: not considered a problem until first major outbreaks in S. Pacific islands2014: tourists believed to take to Easter Island2015: cases in Americas and Caribbean

4

PPT-146-01

Slide5

Aedes albopictus

Carrier of many viruses; dengue fever and Eastern equine encephalitis virus Life cycle is closely associated with human habitat Breeds in containers with standing water

5

PPT-146-01

Slide6

Aedes albopictus

A daytime feeder found in shady areas where it rests in shrubs near the ground Aedes albopictus feeding peaks in the early morning and late afternoon and evening; it is an opportunistic and aggressive biter with a wide host range including man, domestic and wild animals

6

PPT-146-01

Slide7

Distribution

This species was first documented in Texas in 1985 Since 1986 this species has spread rapidly throughout eastern states, plus all of Florida's 67 counties Currently established in 866 counties in 26 statesSubtropical, with a temperate distribution in North America, and in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past few years

7

PPT-146-01

Slide8

Active Zika Areas

Outbreaks prior to 2015: Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil.Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many countries and territories.Zika virus will continue to spread; difficult to determine how and where

8

PPT-146-01

Slide9

Active Zika Areas

US TerritoriesLocal mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus has been reported in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.US StatesSeveral cases have been reported in US states and there have been travel-associated cases.Cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States will likely increase.These imported cases could result in local spread of the virus in some areas of the United States.

9

PPT-146-01

Slide10

Monitoring

OSHA and NIOSH monitor the Zika virus outbreak spreading through Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of the Caribbean, including U.S. territories.

10

PPT-146-01

Slide11

Active Aedes Areas

11

PPT-146-01

Map shows presence of Aedes aegypti (left) and Aedes albopictus (right)

Slide12

PA Locations

PA has a Health Plan to track and take action against Zika situations17 cases since January 2016 but related to travelers outside USA PA outbreak is thought to be slim but every PA county will be monitored. More intense monitoring will occur in Allegheny and 15 other southern-tier counties

12

PPT-146-01

Slide13

Recognition

Adult Aedes albopictus mosquito is bold black shiny scales and distinct silver white scales on the palpus and tarsi. Back is black with a distinguishing white stripe down the center. Medium-sized about 2.0 to 10.0 mm Males often 20% smaller than females.

13

PPT-146-01

Slide14

Life Cycle

Aedes albopictus Egg stage in temperate climates but active throughout the year in tropical and subtropical habitats.  Eggs laid singly on the sides of water-holding containers black and oval 0.5 mm long. Withstand desiccation up to one year.

14

PPT-146-01

Slide15

Life Cycle

Larval emergence after rainfall raises the water level in the containersEggs may require several submersions before hatchingLow O2 tension stimulates hatching Development is temperature dependentLarvae usually pupate after 5 to 10 days and the pupal stage lasts 2 days

15

PPT-146-01

Slide16

Medical Significance

Aedes albopictus: a carrier of more than 30 viruses with only a few known to affect humans: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE),Cache Valley virus, Dengue, St. Louis and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses

Brazil found increase in Guillain-Barre syndrome with babies born with small heads (microcephaly)

16

PPT-146-01

Slide17

Management

Mosquito management includes:Source reductionRemoval of breeding habitat

17

PPT-146-01

Slide18

Tips to Prevent Breeding

Empty buckets, cans and other receptacles to prevent water from collecting Cover wading pools, drain water from pool covers

18

PPT-146-01

Slide19

Tips to Prevent Breeding

Clean and chlorinate swimming pools, outdoor saunas and hot tubs Keep empty and covered when not in use Keep roof gutters clear and draining properly

19

PPT-146-01

Slide20

Tips to Prevent Breeding

Remove standing water from lawn and propertyNOTE: Mosquitoes breed in standing water!

20

PPT-146-01

Slide21

Infection in Humans

About 1 in 5 infected people develops symptoms of Zika usually within 2-7 days of being bitten. Symptoms are mild and can last 2-7 days. Most common: FeverRashJoint pain and red or pink eyesMyalgia-muscle pain andHeadache

21

PPT-146-01

Slide22

Spread of Infection

Mosquito bites an infected person, then the infected mosquito bites a person and spreads the virus. Potential to spread anywhere mosquitoes are capable of spreading the Zika virus. 

22

PPT-146-01

Slide23

First Week of Infection

Zika can be detected in blood and can be transmitted from an infected person to a mosquitoMosquito can then spread by biting othersAlso spread from exposure with infected blood and other body fluids such as semenAs of February 1, 2016, no confirmed blood transfusion transmission cases in US.

23

PPT-146-01

Slide24

Pregnancy Concerns

The spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus and linked to: Absent or poorly develop brain structuresEye defectsHearing deficitsImpaired growth

24

PPT-146-01

Slide25

Treatment (WHO)

Zika virus disease is usually relatively mild and requires no specific treatment. People sick with Zika virus should get plenty of rest, drink enough fluids, and treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen, they should seek medical care and advice. There is currently no vaccine available.As yet no vaccine but Mayo Clinic’s Vaccine Research Group will begin to develop one working with the Butatan Institute in Brazil.

25

PPT-146-01

Slide26

Those At Risk

Outdoor workers, lab techs working with virusThose working with insecticides in mosquito-prone areasHealthcare workers dealing with infected bloodInsecticide applicators

26

PPT-146-01

Slide27

Precautions

Take cover! Wear shoes Long pants Long-sleeve shirt

27

PPT-146-01

Slide28

Prevention Tips

Make sure window screens fit tightly and are in good repairMonitor the news for current insect conditions

28

PPT-146-01

Slide29

Insect Repellants

Use repellents with EPA-registered active ingredient. Generally, the higher concentration the longer it will protect against mosquito bites. Example, the more DEET, the longer time it can protect. Protection times ranging from 1 hour (4.75% DEET) to 5 hours (23.8% DEET).

Aedes albopictus has insecticide tolerance to malathion, temephos and bediocarb.

29

PPT-146-01

Slide30

Insect Repellants

Repellents should contain DEET IR3535 Picaridin (KBR 3023)Oil of lemon eucalyptusPermethrin (clothing and gear)Product label instructions should be strictly followedSpecial attention to young children, the sick or elderly

30

PPT-146-01

Slide31

Insect Repellants

31

PPT-146-01

Slide32

Insect Repellants

To avoid reaction to DEET (or other ingredients in insect repellents), Read and follow the directions. Spray repellent (permethrin) on outside of clothing.Do NOT spray:On skin that is under clothing.To skin that is already irritated, or to cuts/lacerations.

32

PPT-146-01

Slide33

Prevention Tips

Precautions when using repellents: Apply only to exposed skin and/or clothing, do not apply

under clothing Never use over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin Do not apply to eyes or mouth (spray

on hands first, then apply to face) When using on children, apply to your own hands first,

then put on child (

do not apply

on children’s

hands)

After returning indoors, wash treated skin

with soap and

water

or bathe; wash

treated clothing

before wearing it

again

If rash/bad reaction from repellent: wash repellent off

with soap and water, take repellent with you to a health

care provider (HCP)

33

PPT-146-01

Slide34

Insecticide Precautions

Do not:Use Aerosol or pump products in enclosed areas. Apply directly on the face. First spray it on hands and then carefully spread it on the face Allow insect repellent to contact eyes or mouthWash before eatingReapply repellent when returning outdoors

34

PPT-146-01

Slide35

Added Precautions

May require additional PPE. Employers must comply with universal precautions for potential bloodborne pathogens (BBP) exposures, as described in OSHA's BBP standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)And any applicable requirements in OSHA's PPE standards (29 CFR 1910 Subpart I), among other OSHA requirements.

35

PPT-146-01

Slide36

Employer Actions

Inform and train workers about their risks Provide insect repellents Provide workers with PPEWarm weather: wear lightweight, loose clothing. Provide water, rest, and shade, and monitor workers for signs and symptoms of heat illness.

Remove standing water If requested by a worker, consider reassigning to indoor tasks to reduce their exposure

36

PPT-146-01

Slide37

Worker Actions

Use insect repellents properlyWear PPE Drink plenty of water, take rest breaks in shaded areas, and watch for signs and symptoms of heat illness, including in coworkers.Remove standing water

Talk to your supervisor(s) about any outdoor work assignmentIf symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly.

37

PPT-146-01

Slide38

Outdoor Workers

Repellents, may be used with sunscreen with no reduction in repellent activity.Stop using both if a rash or other adverse symptoms develop.Wash skin with soap and water. Consult a healthcare provider or poison control center for further guidance. Inform of repellent used (e.g., type, when and where applied).

38

PPT-146-01

Slide39

Lab Workers

Practice infection control and universal precautionsSeek guidance from 29 CFR 1910.1030 (BBP Standard)Hand hygiene with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rubs with at least 60% alcoholRespirators may be required in some instances (29 CFR 1910.134)

39

PPT-146-01

Slide40

Lab Workers

Follow exposure control plans Use engineering controls and work practices to prevent exposure to blood and infectious materials. See 29 CFR 1910.1030.

Properly dispose of these items in closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof, and labeled or color-coded containers. See 29 CFR 1910.1030.

40

PPT-146-01

Slide41

Lab Workers

Properly dispose of sharps with engineered sharps injury protection Report all needle sticks, lacerations, and other exposure to supervisors ASAP

41

PPT-146-01

Slide42

Mosquito Control Workers

Working with dense mosquito populations, ponds and standing water, may need enhanced skin protection.Employers: assess risks and consider providing any additional protective clothing to fully cover workers' exposed skin.Insecticide Applicators may need additional protection against hazardous chemicals.

42

PPT-146-01

Slide43

Those Infected

Rest and fluidsTake medicine, i.e. acetaminophen, to reduce fever and pain.Talk to a healthcare provider before taking any medicationsAvoid mosquito bites during the first week of infection. Wear

covering clothing Prevent sexual transmission; abstain or use condoms during and following infection.

43

PPT-146-01

Slide44

Employer Actions

Inform staff of Zika symptomsTo seek medical evaluation if they develop Zika symptomsAssure that workers receive prompt and appropriate medical evaluation and follow-up after a suspected exposure to Zika virus. If the exposure falls under OSHA's BBP standard, must comply with 29 CFR 1910.1030(f).

Consider options for granting sick leave during the infectious period.

44PPT-146-01

Slide45

Travelers At Risk

Travelers to Zika AreasAirline crew membersCruise line workers Pregnant women, women who may become pregnant, and men with sexual partners who are or may become pregnant

Take appropriate protective actionsConsider delaying or eliminating travel

45

PPT-146-01

Slide46

Summary

Identify mosquitoes carrying Zika VirusDetermine locations prevalent to Zika carriersTake needed precautions against exposureRecognize the symptoms of exposure and take proper medical actions

46

PPT-146-01

Slide47

Questions

47

PPT-146-01

Slide48

Contact Information

Health & Safety Training Specialists1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501(717) 772-1635RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov

48

PPT-146-01

Slide49

Bibliography

entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/asian_tiger.htmhttps://www.osha.gov/zika/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/index.htmlUSAMRIID’s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702

49

PPT-146-01

Slide50

Bibliography

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/question-answers.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/zika/index.html https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3855.pdf

50

PPT-146-01

Slide51

Other Suggested Programs

The following presentations are also available to supplement your in-house program:Industrial HygieneInfectious DiseasesTicks and Lyme DiseaseWest Nile Virus AwarenessPlease contact us for a full list of other programs available to you free of charge.

51

PPT-146-01