Bureau of Workers Compensation PA Training for Health amp Safety PATHS Zika Virus Basics Common Name Asian tiger mosquito Scientific name Aedes albopictus Skuse ID: 916877
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Zika Virus Basics
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)
Slide2Zika Virus Basics
Common Name: Asian tiger mosquitoScientific name: Aedes albopictus (Skuse)Aedes species mosquitoes are a principal carrier of Zika virus in the U.S
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)
Slide3History
1947: isolated from monkeys in Zika Forest, Uganda1952: identified in humans in Uganda1985: First documented in the United States in Texas1986: Asian tiger mosquito found in Florida
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Slide4History
2007: not considered a problem until first major outbreaks in S. Pacific islands2014: tourists believed to take to Easter Island2015: cases in Americas and Caribbean
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Slide5Aedes albopictus
Carrier of many viruses; dengue fever and Eastern equine encephalitis virus Life cycle is closely associated with human habitat Breeds in containers with standing water
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Slide6Aedes albopictus
A daytime feeder found in shady areas where it rests in shrubs near the ground Aedes albopictus feeding peaks in the early morning and late afternoon and evening; it is an opportunistic and aggressive biter with a wide host range including man, domestic and wild animals
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Slide7Distribution
This species was first documented in Texas in 1985 Since 1986 this species has spread rapidly throughout eastern states, plus all of Florida's 67 counties Currently established in 866 counties in 26 statesSubtropical, with a temperate distribution in North America, and in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past few years
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Slide8Active Zika Areas
Outbreaks prior to 2015: Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil.Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many countries and territories.Zika virus will continue to spread; difficult to determine how and where
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Slide9Active Zika Areas
US TerritoriesLocal mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus has been reported in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.US StatesSeveral cases have been reported in US states and there have been travel-associated cases.Cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States will likely increase.These imported cases could result in local spread of the virus in some areas of the United States.
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Slide10Monitoring
OSHA and NIOSH monitor the Zika virus outbreak spreading through Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of the Caribbean, including U.S. territories.
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Slide11Active Aedes Areas
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Map shows presence of Aedes aegypti (left) and Aedes albopictus (right)
Slide12PA Locations
PA has a Health Plan to track and take action against Zika situations17 cases since January 2016 but related to travelers outside USA PA outbreak is thought to be slim but every PA county will be monitored. More intense monitoring will occur in Allegheny and 15 other southern-tier counties
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Slide13Recognition
Adult Aedes albopictus mosquito is bold black shiny scales and distinct silver white scales on the palpus and tarsi. Back is black with a distinguishing white stripe down the center. Medium-sized about 2.0 to 10.0 mm Males often 20% smaller than females.
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Slide14Life Cycle
Aedes albopictus Egg stage in temperate climates but active throughout the year in tropical and subtropical habitats. Eggs laid singly on the sides of water-holding containers black and oval 0.5 mm long. Withstand desiccation up to one year.
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Slide15Life Cycle
Larval emergence after rainfall raises the water level in the containersEggs may require several submersions before hatchingLow O2 tension stimulates hatching Development is temperature dependentLarvae usually pupate after 5 to 10 days and the pupal stage lasts 2 days
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Slide16Medical Significance
Aedes albopictus: a carrier of more than 30 viruses with only a few known to affect humans: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE),Cache Valley virus, Dengue, St. Louis and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses
Brazil found increase in Guillain-Barre syndrome with babies born with small heads (microcephaly)
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Slide17Management
Mosquito management includes:Source reductionRemoval of breeding habitat
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Slide18Tips to Prevent Breeding
Empty buckets, cans and other receptacles to prevent water from collecting Cover wading pools, drain water from pool covers
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Slide19Tips to Prevent Breeding
Clean and chlorinate swimming pools, outdoor saunas and hot tubs Keep empty and covered when not in use Keep roof gutters clear and draining properly
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Slide20Tips to Prevent Breeding
Remove standing water from lawn and propertyNOTE: Mosquitoes breed in standing water!
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Slide21Infection in Humans
About 1 in 5 infected people develops symptoms of Zika usually within 2-7 days of being bitten. Symptoms are mild and can last 2-7 days. Most common: FeverRashJoint pain and red or pink eyesMyalgia-muscle pain andHeadache
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Slide22Spread of Infection
Mosquito bites an infected person, then the infected mosquito bites a person and spreads the virus. Potential to spread anywhere mosquitoes are capable of spreading the Zika virus.
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Slide23First Week of Infection
Zika can be detected in blood and can be transmitted from an infected person to a mosquitoMosquito can then spread by biting othersAlso spread from exposure with infected blood and other body fluids such as semenAs of February 1, 2016, no confirmed blood transfusion transmission cases in US.
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Slide24Pregnancy Concerns
The spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus and linked to: Absent or poorly develop brain structuresEye defectsHearing deficitsImpaired growth
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Slide25Treatment (WHO)
Zika virus disease is usually relatively mild and requires no specific treatment. People sick with Zika virus should get plenty of rest, drink enough fluids, and treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen, they should seek medical care and advice. There is currently no vaccine available.As yet no vaccine but Mayo Clinic’s Vaccine Research Group will begin to develop one working with the Butatan Institute in Brazil.
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Slide26Those At Risk
Outdoor workers, lab techs working with virusThose working with insecticides in mosquito-prone areasHealthcare workers dealing with infected bloodInsecticide applicators
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Slide27Precautions
Take cover! Wear shoes Long pants Long-sleeve shirt
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Slide28Prevention Tips
Make sure window screens fit tightly and are in good repairMonitor the news for current insect conditions
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Slide29Insect Repellants
Use repellents with EPA-registered active ingredient. Generally, the higher concentration the longer it will protect against mosquito bites. Example, the more DEET, the longer time it can protect. Protection times ranging from 1 hour (4.75% DEET) to 5 hours (23.8% DEET).
Aedes albopictus has insecticide tolerance to malathion, temephos and bediocarb.
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Slide30Insect Repellants
Repellents should contain DEET IR3535 Picaridin (KBR 3023)Oil of lemon eucalyptusPermethrin (clothing and gear)Product label instructions should be strictly followedSpecial attention to young children, the sick or elderly
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Slide31Insect Repellants
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Slide32Insect Repellants
To avoid reaction to DEET (or other ingredients in insect repellents), Read and follow the directions. Spray repellent (permethrin) on outside of clothing.Do NOT spray:On skin that is under clothing.To skin that is already irritated, or to cuts/lacerations.
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Slide33Prevention Tips
Precautions when using repellents: Apply only to exposed skin and/or clothing, do not apply
under clothing Never use over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin Do not apply to eyes or mouth (spray
on hands first, then apply to face) When using on children, apply to your own hands first,
then put on child (
do not apply
on children’s
hands)
After returning indoors, wash treated skin
with soap and
water
or bathe; wash
treated clothing
before wearing it
again
If rash/bad reaction from repellent: wash repellent off
with soap and water, take repellent with you to a health
care provider (HCP)
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Slide34Insecticide Precautions
Do not:Use Aerosol or pump products in enclosed areas. Apply directly on the face. First spray it on hands and then carefully spread it on the face Allow insect repellent to contact eyes or mouthWash before eatingReapply repellent when returning outdoors
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Slide35Added Precautions
May require additional PPE. Employers must comply with universal precautions for potential bloodborne pathogens (BBP) exposures, as described in OSHA's BBP standard (29 CFR 1910.1030)And any applicable requirements in OSHA's PPE standards (29 CFR 1910 Subpart I), among other OSHA requirements.
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Slide36Employer Actions
Inform and train workers about their risks Provide insect repellents Provide workers with PPEWarm weather: wear lightweight, loose clothing. Provide water, rest, and shade, and monitor workers for signs and symptoms of heat illness.
Remove standing water If requested by a worker, consider reassigning to indoor tasks to reduce their exposure
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Slide37Worker Actions
Use insect repellents properlyWear PPE Drink plenty of water, take rest breaks in shaded areas, and watch for signs and symptoms of heat illness, including in coworkers.Remove standing water
Talk to your supervisor(s) about any outdoor work assignmentIf symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly.
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Slide38Outdoor Workers
Repellents, may be used with sunscreen with no reduction in repellent activity.Stop using both if a rash or other adverse symptoms develop.Wash skin with soap and water. Consult a healthcare provider or poison control center for further guidance. Inform of repellent used (e.g., type, when and where applied).
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Slide39Lab Workers
Practice infection control and universal precautionsSeek guidance from 29 CFR 1910.1030 (BBP Standard)Hand hygiene with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rubs with at least 60% alcoholRespirators may be required in some instances (29 CFR 1910.134)
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Slide40Lab Workers
Follow exposure control plans Use engineering controls and work practices to prevent exposure to blood and infectious materials. See 29 CFR 1910.1030.
Properly dispose of these items in closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof, and labeled or color-coded containers. See 29 CFR 1910.1030.
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Slide41Lab Workers
Properly dispose of sharps with engineered sharps injury protection Report all needle sticks, lacerations, and other exposure to supervisors ASAP
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Slide42Mosquito Control Workers
Working with dense mosquito populations, ponds and standing water, may need enhanced skin protection.Employers: assess risks and consider providing any additional protective clothing to fully cover workers' exposed skin.Insecticide Applicators may need additional protection against hazardous chemicals.
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Slide43Those Infected
Rest and fluidsTake medicine, i.e. acetaminophen, to reduce fever and pain.Talk to a healthcare provider before taking any medicationsAvoid mosquito bites during the first week of infection. Wear
covering clothing Prevent sexual transmission; abstain or use condoms during and following infection.
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Slide44Employer Actions
Inform staff of Zika symptomsTo seek medical evaluation if they develop Zika symptomsAssure that workers receive prompt and appropriate medical evaluation and follow-up after a suspected exposure to Zika virus. If the exposure falls under OSHA's BBP standard, must comply with 29 CFR 1910.1030(f).
Consider options for granting sick leave during the infectious period.
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Slide45Travelers At Risk
Travelers to Zika AreasAirline crew membersCruise line workers Pregnant women, women who may become pregnant, and men with sexual partners who are or may become pregnant
Take appropriate protective actionsConsider delaying or eliminating travel
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Slide46Summary
Identify mosquitoes carrying Zika VirusDetermine locations prevalent to Zika carriersTake needed precautions against exposureRecognize the symptoms of exposure and take proper medical actions
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Slide47Questions
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Slide48Contact Information
Health & Safety Training Specialists1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501(717) 772-1635RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov
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Slide49Bibliography
entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/aquatic/asian_tiger.htmhttps://www.osha.gov/zika/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/index.htmlUSAMRIID’s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
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Slide50Bibliography
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/question-answers.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/zika/index.html https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3855.pdf
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Slide51Other Suggested Programs
The following presentations are also available to supplement your in-house program:Industrial HygieneInfectious DiseasesTicks and Lyme DiseaseWest Nile Virus AwarenessPlease contact us for a full list of other programs available to you free of charge.
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