NTD 208 MISS TALABI JY DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY ADOEKITI INTRODUCTION Energy is the capacity to do work Energy exists in a number of forms ID: 1041909
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1. ENERGY METABOLISM AND BALANCENTD 208MISS TALABI J.YDEPARTMENT OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICSCOLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCESAFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY ADO-EKITI
2. INTRODUCTIONEnergy is the capacity to do work. Energy exists in a number of forms. It may occur as heat generated by chemical, mechanical or electrical means. Examples are:1. Heat produced by chemical means, e.g., when lime and water are mixed.2. Heat produced mechanically in the grinding stone when cereals are ground.3. Heat generated by electric current for boiling water in a tea kettle.One form of energy can be converted to another form.The energy released in the body from food is measured as a unit of heat the kilocalorie (kcal).The energy value of foods is determined in the laboratories by the use of special equipment called the bomb calorimeter.
3. Energy MetabolismMetabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and hence the life of an organism. Metabolism is either categorized as catabolism (All metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown and the release of energy) or anabolism (All metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules, which consume energy). Energy metabolism: The metabolic pathways that release or store energy. Some of these are catabolic pathways, like glycolysis (the splitting of glucose), β-oxidation (fatty-acid breakdown), and amino acid catabolism. Others are anabolic pathways, and include those involved in storing energy (such as glycogenesis), and synthesizing triglycerides (lipogenesis).
4. Metabolic PathwaysCatabolicPathways FunctionAnabolicPathwaysFunctionGlycolysisGlucose breakdownGluconeogenesisSynthesize glucoseGlycogenolysisGlycogen breakdownGlycogenesisSynthesize glycogenΒ-oxidationFatty-acidbreakdownLipogenesisSynthesizetriglyceridesProteolysisProtein breakdown toAmino-acidsAmino-acidsynthesisSynthesize aminoacids