Quick Start: Who am I? 1. 2. 3. - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Quick Start: Who am I?1. 2. 3. 5. Challenge: List these leaders in chronological order. Clue: The first leader came to power in the USSR in 1924Wednesday, 14 April 2021Correct in green pen./ 5Stalin Roosevelt (FDR) Khrushchev Eisenhower Truman Q2) Write a narrative account analysing…

2. Josef Stalin – USSR – 1924-1953FD Roosevelt – USA – 1933- April 1945Harry Truman – USA – 1945-1953Dwight Eisenhower – USA – 1953-1961Nikita Khrushchev – USSR – 1953-1964Which matters more – knowing the exact dates or the order/sequence?Which date might be important to remember / matters? Challenge: List these leaders in chronological order. Clue: The first leader came to power in the USSR in 1924

3. 3. To practice the exam question step-by-step2. To evaluate the strengths of example answers to improve our understanding of the mark scheme Q2) Write a narrative account analysing… 1. To identify the requirements and structure of a Paper 2 Q2LOs:underlinedIt’s a question, so it needs a ?

4. Where to find revision: https://www.klshistory.co.uk/ Our lessons - https://www.klshistory.co.uk/11b-miss-hardingham.html

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6. Task One: What do you need to revise for the Cold War?Find the Paper 2 knowledge checklist in your course guide (count 10 pages)Complete the checklist for ‘Key Topic 1’ ONLY If you left this booklet at home, use the image on the board to make a shorter version of the list as a checklist e.g. GA & ConferencesIdeo diffA bomb …..

7. Q2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]Events in order (story) Explain as you go – how and why? How many marks?How many PEE paragraphs, as a general rule?How many minutes?82-315 minutes Prompts / examples

8. Events / anything with a clear outcome

9. Q2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]

10. Structure your answer into three PEEL paragraphs: Beginning (causes)Middle (events)End (consequences) Q2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]Point Firstly…. Evidence For example….Explain Consequently …. Link This led to…. Point Next…Evidence To illustrate…Explain This intensified …. Link This prompted…  Point Finally…. / The crisis ended when…Evidence When….Explain As a result ….Always say who looked stronger / weaker Always say whether this increased / decreased tension Imagine the problem in the question as a FLOW CHART - put this into writing.

11. Language is keyThis led toConsequently This meant thatAs a result Next Then Following thisSoQ2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]The creation of Soviet satellite states began during the Conferences, when Stalin asked for a buffer zone in Eastern Europe. Tensions over Eastern Europe were already high at this point, but these increased after the Novikov Telegram, 1946, which highlighted the tensions between each country and the especially that American wanted to dominate the world. This intensified the Soviet Union fear of America and encouraged them to develop more protection in Eastern Europe. Combined with Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech in March 1946, it became clear that Soviet Union needed to develop its influence in Eastern Europe as protection against the growing hostility between East and West. This led to…

12. Practice Question Q2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]

13. The Yalta (then Potsdam) Conferences divided Germany into four zones, but this division was only ever meant to be temporary. The plan was for the four allies (Britain, France, the USA and USSR) to work together to find a way that Germany could run as a whole after the war.This did not happen because of increasing tensions. Berlin was the first place where tension between East and West created real conflict.Recap: BerlinWhy the division of Berlin (Germany’s capital city) a problem?

14. Germany is divided.Why might this be a problem for Berlin, Germany’s capital city?Berlin 1945

15. Berlin 1945There were military checkpoints between each zone to monitor movement.Soviet troops began holding up and searching roads and rail into West Berlin.

16. Different Ideologies in GermanyIn 1947, the Soviet’s walked out of negotiations ending cooperation between the allies.The problem was, the ideological differences between the USSR and the other allies, meant that it was almost impossible for them to reach an agreement.Wanted to rebuild Germany.Marshall Aid went into western controlled zones in both Berlin & Germany.Western zones of Berlin flourished.Wanted Germany to remain weak.Took high reparations from Soviet controlled zones in both Berlin & Germany.Soviet zone of Berlin struggled.

17. What did the Western Allies do to Germany and Berlin by March 1948?How did this affect East-West relations?

18. Berlin June 1948A new currency, the Deutschmark, was introduced in Trizonia only.What changed? Problems for Stalin?“They’re ganging up on me!”

19. Listening check 1. The Western Allies wanted to rebuild Germany, whereas the Western Allies/USSR wanted to keep Germany…StrongWeak2. When did Stalin walk out of talks between the four Allies about Germany, ending relations…1947194819492:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01End3. What did the Allies do in March 1948 that made Stalin fear they were trying to force East Germany & into poverty (‘ganging up’ on him)?Introduced a new currency United their zones into ‘Trizonia’3. What did the Allies do in June 1948 that escalated tensions?Introduced a new currency United their zones into ‘Trizonia’

20. Listening check Correct in green pen./ 41. The Western Allies wanted to rebuild Germany, whereas the Western Allies/USSR wanted to keep Germany…StrongWeak2. When did Stalin walk out of talks between the four Allies about Germany, ending relations…1947194819493. What did the Allies do in March 1948 that made Stalin fear they were trying to force East Germany & into poverty (‘ganging up’ on him)?Introduced a new currency United their zones into ‘Trizonia’3. What did the Allies do in June 1948 that escalated tensions?Introduced a new currency United their zones into ‘Trizonia’

21. The Berlin Blockade 23rd June 1948 – 12th May 1949Stalin felt that the west was ‘ganging up’ on him & deliberately forcing the east into poverty.Too many East Berliners were defecting to a better life in the West. He closed all road and air routes into Berlin so that the West could not get Marshall Aid there.Why did Stalin do this?Problem for citizens living in Trizonia?How did they get supplies?How likely was a retaliation from Stalin?

22. West responded by airlifting goods into West Berlin. This lasted 11 months (318 days)The Allies knew that Stalin could not do anything because attacking the planes would be an act of war (remember everyone has nuclear weapons).= propaganda victory for the West The Berlin Airlift

23. 2:001:591:581:571:561:551:541:531:521:511:501:491:481:471:461:451:441:431:421:411:401:391:381:371:361:351:341:331:321:311:301:291:281:271:261:251:241:231:221:211:201:191:181:171:161:151:141:131:121:111:101:091:081:071:061:051:041:031:021:011:000:590:580:570:560:550:540:530:520:510:500:490:480:470:460:450:440:430:420:410:400:390:380:370:360:350:340:330:320:310:300:290:280:270:260:250:240:230:220:210:200:190:180:170:160:150:140:130:120:110:100:090:080:070:060:050:040:030:020:01EndTask Two: After watching the clip, complete the true or false task. The decision to split Germany and Berlin into four zones of occupation had been made at the Tehran Conference in 1945.The standard of living and conditions were better in Western Germany than in East Germany.In June 1948, Britain, France and the USA united their zones into ‘West Germany’ (Trizonia), with East Berlin as its capital city. Stalin felt threatened by the prospect of a stronger, united Wester Germany; it made the USSR look weak and poor.The Berlin Blockade started on 23rd June 1948.During the Berlin Airlift, a plane carrying supplies landed in West Berlin airport every 3 minutes. The blockade lasted 318 days and ended on 12th May 1948.This crises cemented (made more permanent) the ‘iron curtain’Challenge: Split these events into beginning – middle – end

24. Practice Question Q2) Write a narrative account analysing...... [8]

25. Task Three: Read each example answer:Highlight words they have used to show links / show sequence Give each a mark / 8.

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28. Your turn

29. Point The crisis began when Germany and Berlin were first divided into ….. at …. Evidence Cooperation ended and divisions increased in 1947 when Stalin…. This tension intensified in March 1948 when …. , meaning that Germany and Berlin were now divided …. Then, in June 1948 …. Explain Consequently, Stalin was/felt…. This exacerbated ideological tensions/divisions further because ….. Link This led to Stalin’s decision to retaliate by…PEEL 1Beginning: DIVISIONS

30. Point The crisis began when Germany and Berlin were first divided into four zones of occupation at Yalta in 1945, then in more detail at Potsdam. Evidence Cooperation ended and divisions increased in 1947 when Stalin walked out of talks between the Allies, effectively ending the Grand Alliance. This tension intensified in March 1948 when the Western Allies (Britain, the USA and France) united their three zones to form ‘Trizonia’, meaning that Germany and Berlin were now divided into two parts based on their ideologies, capitalism (West) and Communism (East). Then, in June 1948 the Western nations created a single currency called the Deutschmark, to give Trizonia economic unity. Explain Consequently, Stalin felt as if the Allies were actively trying the weaken the Eastern zone, making it poorer. This was because the new currency made Trizonia a separate economic unit from the East. This exacerbated ideological divisions further because it created, in effect, two Germanys, West and East, based on two opposing ideologies, capitalism and communism. Link This led to Stalin’s decision to retaliate by imposing a blockade around West Berlin. PEEL 1Beginning: DIVISIONS

31. Point So, on 23rd June 1948 …..Evidence Stalin wanted….. To prove this….Explain This meant that Trizonia (West Germany) would no longer…. Stalin hoped that …. Link As a result, the West had to deliberate…. PEEL 2Middle: Blockade

32. Point So, on 23rd June 1948 Stalin imposed a blockade around West Germany. Evidence Stalin wanted to unite Germany under communist leadership and wanted to show that a divided Germany could not work. To prove this, in June 1948, he closed land routes across Soviet-controlled Germany into Berlin. This was called the ‘Berlin Blockade’. Explain This meant that Trizonia (West Germany) would no longer be able to communicate with the capital, Berlin, and the people of Berlin would soon run out of food. Stalin hoped that this would force the West to give up control of their zones in Berlin, securing a propaganda victory for the USSR.Link As a result, the West had to deliberate what to do. Truman knew that after his ‘Truman Doctrine’ speech, he had to stand up to Soviet aggression, but if they sent goods by road, it might be seen as an act of aggression & risk war. If they flew goods in, Stalin could shoot them down, which would be seen as a Soviet act of aggression.PEEL 2Middle: Blockade

33. Point This led to the West’s decision to launch …. Evidence During the Berlin Airlift…. [give facts]…. This showed that…. So, in May 1949, after 11 months of…..Stalin lifted… Explain As a result, after the blockade, the West and the USA looked stronger because …. whereas Stalin and the USSR looked weaker because ….. This crisis led to the official division of …..into…. PEE 3End: Airlift and end

34. Point This led to the West’s decision to launch the ‘Berlin Airlift’, believing that Stalin would not risk war with the threat of nuclear weapons. Evidence During the Berlin Airlift Pilots flew food, coal and other necessities along the air corridors. The people of West Berlin & Western troops in the city built a new runway at the old airport to receive the planes, which landed approximately every 3 minutes. Ordinary citizens helped unload the goods. The British and Americans each were able to send around 1,000 tonnes of supplies each month. This showed that the West were able to work peacefully with the citizens of Berlin to find a solution to Soviet aggression. So, in May 1949, after 11 months of airlifting supplies, Stalin lifted the blockade. Explain As a result, after the blockade, the West and the USA looked stronger because they had responded peacefully to what now seemed like an unreasonable act of aggression from the USSR; it was a propaganda victory. Whereas Stalin and the USSR looked weaker because Stalin’s plan to win a propaganda victory over the West hugely backfired and the USSR was left humiliated. This crisis led to the official division of Germany into East and West Germany, the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. PEEL 3End: Airlift and end

35. The CW narrative question: Tell me a story about… Berlin Blockade 1948-49As a resultConsequentlyThereforeThusThis causedFor this reasonThis led toBecause of NextSinceDue toThenFirstlySecondlyThirdlyFinallyMeanwhileIn this question you are trying to do two things:Tell a story in chronological order Show how events link together and how some events lead to other eventsAs you tell the story above, use as many of these linking words as you can and tick each one as you use it. Add any others you can think of.1948 new currency1948 - Bizonia1948 American AirliftMay 1949, Stalin ended the blockade of West Berlin1949 NATO1955 Warsaw PactApril 1949, formation of the GDR German Democratic Republic and the FRG Federal Republic of Germany24 June 1948, Stalin cut all land access to BerlinAllied Germany uses Marshall Aid to rebuild