HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION OFFSHORE SECTOR AMITABH SINGH amp MAROOF SHEIKH CHIEF MANAGER FIRE SERVICES 2 Introduction Asia is the most disaster prone continent 90 of all natural disasters ID: 815490
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TRAINING FOR RESILIENT FUNCTIONING BRINGS SUCCESS IN SAFETYHYDROCARBON EXTRACTION- OFFSHORE SECTOR
AMITABH SINGH
& MAROOF SHEIKH
CHIEF MANAGER (FIRE SERVICES)
Slide22
Introduction
Asia is the most disaster prone continent
90% of all natural disasters
50% of all major disasters
Affects economies, lives, fabric of human society
Sheer scale and complexity of natural disasters in recent times
Many countries struggling to recover
India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world
Its location and geographical features render it vulnerable to a number of natural hazards including cyclone, drought, floods, earthquake, fire, landslides and avalanches
Similarly the oil & gas industries are highly potential to industrial disaster particularly the Offshore installations
Slide3D1 Field
BSE Field
Tapti Field
B55 Field
Bassein
Field
Mumbai High N & S Field
Overview ONGC Western Offshore
N & H Field
Slide4Possible Disaster in offshore
4
A.
Natural disasters
Earthquake
Tsunami
Tropical Cyclone
Slide5RISK
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RISK & CRISIS SCENARIO
BLOWOUT
FIRE
OIL SPILL (OIL PIPELINE LEAKAGES/ RUPTURE/ LEAKAGES FROM TANKER)
GAS PIPE LINE LEAKAGE
EXPLOSION
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RISK & CRISIS SCENARIO
MAN OVERBOARD (SEARCH & RESCUE)
RELEASE SOUR GAS ON INSTALLATIONS
HELICOPTER CRASH
ACCIDENT
INVOLVING OSV’S, SHIP
ETC.
(COLLISION/GROUNDING/CAPSIZING)
Slide8Slide9Blowout is a sudden violent escape of gas, oil or both and(some time water) from a drilling well, when high pressure zone is encounter and could not be balance by mud. The blowout may be with or without fire. The blowout having gas release accompany with sour gas are more dangerous to handle.
The personnel working their are exposed to risk of burns, poisoning, asphyxia and other harm to human life. The risk of blowout is more serious if it take place in sour field.
If the blowout is with fire, the heat will destroy the derrick structure and associate equipment of a rig. The radio room may go out of action.
Helideck may become unfit for operation of helicopter.
BLOWOUT
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Slide10The heat intensity will make the surrounding unfit for tolerance of human. Personnel working their, will have no choice but to escape through life boat . Jumping into the sea is risky. But if no other mean’s is available, this is the only option.
If the blowout is without fire than escape gases will effect the visibility
upto
one km depending upon the intensity of discharge and weather condition. Approach to the effected installation by helicopter and vessels will become very difficult. If the oil is also coming out the blowout will result in major oil spill and consequent marine pollution. This will result in two emergencies one the blowout itself and another due to oil spills. The memory of Gulf oil spill is still fresh in our mind.
BLOWOUT
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Slide11Fire risk constitute the major component of hazard in offshore oil extraction operation. The memories of piper alpha incident in 1988, in which 166 person died & BHN in 2005 is still alive. The installation at offshore are so compact, because extra space is a luxury, which no one can afford. But this compactness of equipment etc. on offshore installation constitute favorable condition for the spread of fire. The risk of fire following a blowout has already discussed above. The blowout with fire would destroy the whole rig. The blowout case we discussed above, was mainly for fire at drilling rig which carry out exploratory well Drilling.
In case of a blowout at a development well or during
workover
operations, the adjoining wells on the platform will also be threaten by the fire. Then any fire during
workover
operation may also extend to connected process platform.
FIRE
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Slide12Now the process platform are a complex of four to five big process platform, which consist of power generation, well head platform, operation process platform living quarter platform etc. These days the living quarters platform are constructed and kept at a safe location from other process platform, so that effect of fire/explosion should not reach the living quarter even it happen, sufficient time is available for escape. All these platform are having inter connected bridges which facilitate the movement of
personnels
.
FIRE Process platform complex
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Slide13AT SBM : At a distance of 1500 to 2000 Mt. from process platform SBM facilities are provided for direct loading of oil on tankers. Oil tankers moored at SBM have a capacity to carry more than one lakh
tones. There are also termed as super tanker. During filling operation of any explosion inside the tank occurs, it may cause the fire and oil spill. Oil spill on surface of water may also get ignited and can threaten the process platform.
Tanker on Voyage:- The risk of fire on a tanker on voyage is less, compared to the risk during loading. However during collision with any other vessel/structure may cause the emergency such as fire, oil spills etc.
FIRE OIL TANKER
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Slide14DRILLING RIG WITH JACK UP LEG.DRILLING RIG FLOATERUNMANNED WELL PLATFORM
FPSO: FLOATER PRODUCTION STORAGE & OFFLOAD
OIL & GAS: TRUNK LINE/ WELL HEAD LINES ETC
OTHERS
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Slide15Natural resources
Blowouts drains the hydrocarbon from the reservoir
Quantity of drains depends on durations of blowout, the flow area & reservoir pressures
Case hole well blowout for longer periods than open hole blowouts
Slide16Control expenditure:
Hiring of equipments
Hiring of experts
Compensation to public
Logistic expenditure
Relief camp & evacuation expenditure
Slide17Organizational impacts
Damage of costlier equipment
Loss of man-hours
Huge amount of control expenditure
Loss of image /reputation of company
Effect on future business
Distortion of good will in the public
Collapse of share value
Loss of morale
Slide18Public hazards:
Damage to human life & live stock cannot be overruled
Release of toxic gases like H2S, which is serious threat to human life
Possibility of tragedy in the minds of those associated with well control operations cannot be overruled
Slide19Pollution
Pollution due to oil spills & oil well blowout is very serious like in Gulf of Mexico
Noise pollution is predominant in case of gas well blowout
Rise in temperature of local area
Damage of vegetation
Release of unburned gases like carbon monoxide & H2S are most significant
Oil fire like Kuwait oil fires of about 700 wells at a time may cause considerable damage to the environment in the form of global warming
Slide20PLATFORM ON FIRE
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Slide21SHIP FIRE
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Slide22PROCESS PLATFORM
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Slide23FPSO
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Slide24DRILLING RIG
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Slide25JACK UP RIG
Slide26DRILL SHIP
Slide27DRILL SHIP
Slide28The critical factor to assess the risk in case of gas leakage is the place where the leak occurs, size of leakage and pressure. If the leak is in subsea pipeline the risk of Fire & Explosion is eliminated. However if it takes place at process platform, it may be get dispersed by strong wind or if it is accumulated in confined spaces and get ignited, it may cause
vapour
cloud explosion or jet fire if the pressure of the line is high, which is normally the case. This explosion and jet fire can start cascading effect.
Gas pipeline leakage.
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Slide29In offshore installation, particularly peocess platforms, where gas is handled, present an explosion hazard. This include unconfined
vapour
cloud explosion, due to a gas leak. The prolonged fire may heat and vessels, equipment etc., which may subsequently lead to explosion.
Explosion
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Slide30Man overboard This problem arise in offshore many time, when a person falls accidentally or other wise into the water. Because of falling from a height, a person went into the state of shock, which result in delay stimulus and response. If the sea is rough, it is almost impossible for the casualty to control himself. Such situation trigger the requirement of search and rescue operation. This may also happen, when an installation is abandoned in panic.
Man overboard
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Slide31In the event of scenario like the leaks of sour gas(Natural gas contaminated with Hydrogen Sulphide), immediate danger to life and health occur. Immediate requirement is the respiratory protection to all the person onboard the installation. Any attempt to arrest the leaks, should be taken by providing suitable type of respiratory protection to the person, trying to arrest the leak.
Release of sour Gas
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Slide32likely emergency situation.
Helicopter crash on the deck of the installation. This situation not only pose the threat to the passenger & Helicopter but also it poses a threat to the installation. because helicopter crash on the deck may trigger fire and explosion on the platform.
Helicopter crash at sea:- This situation will have the following scenario.
a) The helicopter has safely landed on water, the occupant has come out safely in the survival craft.
b) The helicopter has crash landed on water and the occupant has jumped in the sea, wearing life jackets. In such cases massive search and rescue operation is to be undertaken involving fast rescue craft.
Helicopter Crash
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Slide33(MSV’s & OSV’s)(Collision/Grounding/Capsizing). The collision of OSV’s , MSV’s with each other or with the installation may take place due to poor visibility in accurate steering, loss of control on machinery/steering etc. The main impact is on the collided structure and the vessels itself. The collision could also result in capsizing of vessels, structure. This may also lead to fire/explosion
Emergencies involving supply vessels
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Slide34HELICOPTERLIFE BOATLIFE RAFT
ESCAPE & EVACUATION
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Slide35LIFE JACKETLIFE BUOYSCBA SETESCAPE ROPE LADDER
SCRAMBLE NET
JUMPING ROPE
ESCAPE MASKLIFE SAVING APPLIANCES
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Slide36FIRE & GAS DETECTIONCLEAN AGENT BASED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM.FIRE WATER NETWORK SUPPORTED BY AUTO OPERATED FIRE PUMP.
DELUGE SYSTEM.
FOAM WATER HOSE REEL.
MONITORSSPRINKLERSDCP SKIDSPORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ETC.
FIRE FIGHTING FACILITY
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Slide37FIRE FIGHTING BOATOFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELMULTISUPPORT VESSET
FIRE FIGHTING FACILITY EXTERNAL
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Slide38FIRE FIGHTING SUPPORT
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Slide39OBJECTIVE: PROVIDE ALL EMPLOYEE UNDERSTANDING, ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT SAFETY SUBJECT. COVERING THE FOLLOWING.
Preventive measure for accident and incidents.
Individual
Behaviour in acute situation.Use of Personal Protective Equipment.Legislation
Contingency Planning.
SAFETY TRAINING
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Slide40Preventive: Does not require any special infrastructure. Safety is to be inculcate as on the job function. Knowledge of condition leads to accident, engineering control, SOP etc.
Mitigation: Will require certain minimum infrastructure to trained personnel in the use of various type of equipments and system under different condition.
Type of training
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Slide41HOW TO PROTECT THEMSELVES DURING TRANSIT TO OFFSHORE INSTALLATION.BASIC WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES FOR CORRECT & PROPMT RESPONSE.
USE OF FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT.
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN CASE OF ABONDONMENT.
SAFETY TRAINING NEEDS TO ALL
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Slide42SPECIALISED TRAINING FOR KEY PERSONNEL FOR DEDICATED ROLE IN CRISIS AND NORMAL CONDITION.Member of Emergency Management Team
Member of E R C T
SAFETY TRAINING
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Slide43FIRE FIGHTINGFIRST AIDSURVIVAL AT SEA
HUET: HELICOPTER UNDERWATER ESCAPE TRAINING
PROCEDURE FOR COMMUNICATION OF EMERGENCY & FAMILIRISATION WITH VARIOUS TYPE OF ALARM.
BASIC SAFETY TRAININGS FOR ALL
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Slide44HUET TRAINING SIMULTOR
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Slide45HUET TRAINING
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Slide46KNOWLEDGE OF STATUTORY REQUIREMENT.KNOWLEDGE OF DESIGN & OPERATION CODES / STANDARD TO ENSURE QUALITY.
SKILL OF MANAGING EMERGENCY.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS.
SPECIALISED TRAINING OIM
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Slide47OTHER SPECIALISED TRAINING
SPECIALISED FIRE FIGHTING TO ALL FIRE TEAM MEMBER.
COXWAIN TRAINING FOR OPERATING LIFE BOAT TO DESIGNATED BOAT CAPTAIN.
TRAINING ON HELICOPTER LANDING OPERATION TO DESIGNATED PERSONNEL.HANDLING TOXIC GAS LEAKS.BLOWOUT PREVENTION & WELL CONTROL
SUB SEA OIL & GAS LEAKS HANDLING.
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Slide48Training Controlling Emergency for OIM
The events on which the candidate is judged include the
following at least once in any series of emergency scenarios:
Evacuation Abandonment of installation/rig Injured personnel
Missing personnel or man overboard
Loss of communication
Loss of evacuation and muster points
Stressed Personnel (individual ineffectiveness or mass panic) Extreme weather conditions Loss of essential facilities Loss of key personnel Rapidly developing situation leading to information overload
Loss of mooring (where appropriate)48
Slide49Training -- OERTM
To successfully complete this training, delegates must be able to:-
(1) Define the role and explain the key responsibilities of the Emergency Response Team Member.
(2) Explain the purpose of offshore emergency response arrangements(3) Explain the purpose of offshore emergency response procedures.
(4) Identify hazards and risk mitigation associated with typical offshore fire and non-fire incidents.
(5) Explain the purpose of fixed fire systems offshore.
(6) Understand the performance capability and limitations of typical fixed systems offshore.
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Slide50Training -- OERTM
---cont
(7) Identify the emergency response PPE requirements for the OERTM.
(8) Under directions from the OERTL: approach the incident area in a controlled manner – continually assessing how the changes in the emergency could impact on the safety of other OER team members.(9) Communicate effectively with the OERTL and team members
(10) Respond appropriately to OERTL direction in emergencies
(11) Use safe working practices and site-specific procedures
(12) Select and use portable fire fighting equipment.
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Slide51Training -- OERTM
---cont
(13) Select, operate and flush foam firefighting equipment.
(14) Extinguish a fire and secure an area.(15) Conduct breathing apparatus operations in accordance with OERTL directions and safe practices.(16) Conduct effective search and rescue for missing persons and casualties during the emergency
(17) Demonstrate correct casualty handling and recovery techniques.
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Slide52Training Infrastructure
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ONGC Academy
Regional Training Institute
Institute of Petroleum Safety Health & Environment Management.
Awareness training at Work Center
Special Training
Programme for Contractual worker.
Slide53THREE TIER SYSTEMERP- AT INSTALLATION LEVELRCP: REGIONAL LEVEL
CDMP: AT NATIONAL LEVEL.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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Slide54PURPOSEThis Emergency Response Plan is applicable when the Offshore Installation is conducting normal operations.
It details the following
The emergency response
organisation in the installation The roles and responsibilities of all personnel in an emergency The specific actions to be taken during all reasonably foreseeable emergency situations
The generic actions to be taken by the individual members of the Emergency Control
Team
SCOPE
This Emergency Response Plan applies to incidents that threaten the safety of any personnel on theFulfils the following Addresses the major hazards identified in the HAZOP Report
Takes account of Performance Standards to assist in the decision-making process duringan emergency Intends to comply with all relevant legislation Is intended for use in during training, exercises and during an actual emergency Interfaces with the Regional Contingency Plan
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN54
Slide55Purpose of the Regional Contingency Plan The purpose of RCP is to outline procedures for co-ordinated
joint action, should a major emergency occur during peacetime, involving installations of the Exploration & Production (E&P) member operators off the Western Coast of India within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This is with a view to
minimise
loss of life, damage to property and environment and ensure continued production of oil and gas.Indian Navy/ Coast Guard/ ONGC/ Port Trust etc are joint operator for this plan with overall command with Navy.
Regional contingency plan
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Slide56To handle any emergency situation which call for International level Intervention / resource mobilisation.
Corporate Disaster Management Plan
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Slide57Energy industrial disasters
April 26, 1986:
At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine , 31 people died and hundreds more injured
May 5, 1988:
Norco ,Louisiana Shell Oil refinery explosion after hydrocarbon gas escaped from a corroded pipe in a catalytic cracker and was ignited. Louisiana state police evacuated 2,800 residents from nearby neighbourhoods. Seven workers were killed and 42 injured. The total cost arising from the Norco blast is estimated at US$ 706 million.
July 6, 1988: Piper Alpha disaster
:- An explosion and resulting fire on a North Sea oil production platform kills 167 men. Total insured loss is about US$ 3.4 billion. To date it is rated as the world's worst offshore oil disaster in terms both of lives lost and impact to industry.
March 23, 2005:
Texas City refinery explosion. An explosion occurred at a British petroleum refinery. It was the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nation's gasoline supply. Over 100 were injured, and 15 were confirmed dead, including employees of the Fluor Corporation as well as BP.
Slide58Contd…
July 26 ,2005 BHN platform of ONGC hit by Multi supply Vessel Samudra surakha , causes
huze
explosion and Fire .Platform submerged in sea with in 50 minutes .24 ONGC employees died with loss of 1300 crore
December 11, 2005:
Hertfordshire oil storage terminal fire. A series of explosions at the Buncefield oil storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion in Europe, devastated the terminal and many surrounding properties. There were no fatalities. Total damages have been forecast as £750 million
April 20, 2010:
Deep water Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico. 11 workers died in the worst oil drilling disaster in the waters off the coast of the United States
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Slide59Every organization has its own unique identity
If we can encourage diversity….
Disaster Management in ONGC
Slide60….
true unity can prevail!
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