PDF-(BOOS)-The Ethics of Organ Transplants (Contemporary Issues)

No one argues the need for transplants The debate centers on how to satisfy the great need for healthy organs Advances in medical technology and science have made organ procurement or the search and transfer of organs and tissue from one body to another a very important issue Since the demand for healthy organs far exceeds the supply many questions enter this debate blending medicine with politics ethics research religion and other concerns How are we to meet the need Can we do so and still respect personal ethics and religious convictions Can organs be obtained without turning medical emergencies into freemarket enterprise Should people be permitted to sell their organs Should animals be sacrificed to save the lives of humans Could cloning be considered as a future source of organsWith more than thirty of the most important influential and uptodate articles from leaders in ethics medicine philosophy law and politics The Ethics of Organ Transplants examines the numerous and tangled issues that surround organ procurement and distributionCoedited by Dr Arthur L Caplan a world recognized scholar in bioethics and health policy this volume divides the issue into five related areas 1 sources of organs for transplantation and various methods of transplants including living donations fetal tissue use defining brain death and nonhuman organ transfer 2 policy including presumed consent required requests and mandated choice to relieve the shortage problem 3 the ethics of selling organs the effect on supply and use of organs making organ procurement a global effort 4 case histories and questions on who should not receive transplants and 5 the value. Major ethical issues. As with many other bioethical issues raised in this book, the existence of those issues has resulted because of the development of new medical technologies. . In some cases, one of the ethical questions that might be raised is whether the technology should be used at all. . Aisling Cleary . Traditional Heart Transplants. First heart transplant = performed in 1967. Today 3,800 performed worldwide per year . Traditionally transported in cooler on ice. Picture of first heart transplant in 1967. Ethical Considerations in Transplantation. Bruce Gelb, MD FACS. Director of Renal Transplantation. Assistant Professor of Transplant Surgery. Mary Lea Johnson Transplant Center at NYULMC. History – ~A.D. 300. 123,000 . people in need of lifesaving organ transplants and the thousands more in need of healing cornea and tissue transplants.. Log onto . www.lifelineofohio.org. . to register or learn more about donation.. Shane Pennington. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Jov0bWNx0M. “Organ and tissue transplants offer patients a new chance at healthy, productive, normal lives and return them to their families, friends and communities. You have the power to change someone's world by being a donor. It's about living. It's about Life.”. morality. —consideration of what human actions and reactions are morally right and wrong.. Ethics. Personal Computer Ethics. Professional Computer Ethics. Governmental Computer Ethics. Accessible Computing. Each year, tens of millions of individuals in the U.S. suffer from neurological and psychiatric disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\'s Disease and Parkinson\'s Disease, and psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, depression and schizophrenia. Treatments for these diseases are often completely lacking or only partially effective, due in large part to the difficulty of conducting brain research and the complexity of the brain itself.Researchers in recent years have developed new models to better represent and study the human brain. The three models considered in this report, all of which generate and use pluripotent stem cells from healthy individuals and patients, are human neural organoids, human neural transplants, and human-animal neural chimeras. The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids, Transplants, and Chimeras: Science, Ethics, and Governance reviews the status of research, considers its benefits and risks, discusses associated ethical issues, and considers governance mechanisms for this type of research. There are many introductions to the animal ethics literature. There aren\'t many introductions to the practice of doing animal ethics. Bob Fischer\'s Animal Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction fills that gap, offering an accessible model of how animal ethics can be done today. The book takes up classic issues, such as the ethics of eating meat and experimenting on animals, but tackles them in an empirically informed and nuanced way. It also covers a range of relatively neglected issues in animal ethics, such as the possibility of insect sentience and the ethics of dealing with pests. Finally, the book doesn\'t assess every current practice using standard ethical theories, but tries to evaluate some of them using the moral frameworks endorsed by those involved. So, for instance, there is a chapter on the way that animal care and use committees try to justify some of the educational uses of animals, and the chapter on zoos considers the way that international zoological societies justify compromising animal welfare. The book wraps up with a discussion of the future of animal ethics. Each chapter opens with a helpful initial overview of the chapter and ends with a list of suggested readings to help students go further on their own.?? Key FeaturesCovers animal ethics from an empirically informed perspective, bringing philosophy into conversation with key issues in animal science, conservation biology, economics, ethology, and legal studies, among other fieldsProvides ample coverage of the most salient current topics, including, for example:Debates about which animals are sentientThe suffering of wild animalsResearch ethicsThe boundaries of activismAvoids suggesting that animal ethics is simply the practice of applying the right general theory to a problem, instead allowing readers to first work out the specific costs and benefits of making ethical decisionsImpresses upon the reader the need for her to work out for herself the best way forward with difficult ethical issues, suggesting that progress can indeed be madeIncludes summaries and recommended readings at the end of each chapter Stem cell research is headline news. Researchers are eager to move forward, state governments and private foundations are rushing to support it, and the sick and afflicted are desperate for its benefits. Yet powerful forces in our society — led by President George W. Bush — find it morally troubling and they are doing all in their powers to restrict its development beyond a very limited scale.Stem cells, which have the remarkable potential to develop into different parts of the body, are actually harvested from aborted fetal tissue or newly fertilized cells. Proponents of stem cell research argue that scientists are making legitimate use of already aborted fetuses and it is unfair to deprive those who are suffering the benefits of a potentially revolutionary therapy. Yet this practice has raised sharp criticisms from the Religious Right, who charge that science is capitalizing on an abhorrent procedure. Given the medical potential for treatment of incurable diseases by stem cell research, as well as the moral dilemmas this technology poses, should such research be permitted? What moral, religious, or political objections might be raised?Philosophers Michael Ruse and Christopher A. Pynes have compiled this valuable, up-to-date, and newly revised collection of articles by noted experts to address all aspects of the stem cell controversy. The contributors — scientists, medical practitioners, philosophers, theologians, historians, and policy analysts — offer a variety of perspectives to give readers the critical tools they need to shape an informed position on the topic. Readers will come away with a deeper understanding of the science of stem cell research, its medical cures and promises, and the moral, religious, and policy concerns surrounding this controversial social issue. No one argues the need for transplants. The debate centers on how to satisfy the great need for healthy organs. Advances in medical technology and science have made organ procurement, or the search and transfer of organs and tissue from one body to another, a very important issue. Since the demand for healthy organs far exceeds the supply, many questions enter this debate, blending medicine with politics, ethics, research, religion, and other concerns. How are we to meet the need? Can we do so and still respect personal ethics and religious convictions? Can organs be obtained without turning medical emergencies into free-market enterprise? Should people be permitted to sell their organs? Should animals be sacrificed to save the lives of humans? Could cloning be considered as a future source of organs?With more than thirty of the most important, influential, and up-to-date articles from leaders in ethics, medicine, philosophy, law, and politics, The Ethics of Organ Transplants examines the numerous and tangled issues that surround organ procurement and distribution.Co-edited by Dr. Arthur L. Caplan, a world recognized scholar in bioethics and health policy, this volume divides the issue into five related areas: (1) sources of organs for transplantation and various methods of transplants, including living donations, fetal tissue use, defining brain death, and nonhuman organ transfer (2) policy, including presumed consent, required requests, and mandated choice to relieve the shortage problem (3) the ethics of selling organs, the effect on supply and use of organs, making organ procurement a global effort (4) case histories and questions on who should (not) receive transplants and (5) the value In When Medicine Went Mad, one of the nation\'s leading bioethicists-and an extraordinary panel of experts and concentration camp survivors-examine problems first raised by Nazi medical experimentation that remain difficult and relevant even today. The importance of these issues to contemporary bioethical disputes-particularly in the thorny areas of medical genetics, human experimentation, and euthanasia-are explored in detail and with sensitivity. \"Learn how to think beyond the theoretical in any environment. Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition examines the latest trends, principles, theories, and models in patient care to help you learn how to make ethically sound decisions in complex and often controversial situations. Written from a global perspective, examples throughout the text reflect current national and international issues inviting you to explore cases considering socio-cultural influences, personal values, and professional ethics. Historical examples demonstrate how to think critically while upholding moral and professional standards, as well as the law. Key topics throughout explore advocacy and rights, diversity, nurse burnout, mass casualty events, social media, violence in the workplace, medication error prevention, opioid and other substance use, HIPAA, and healthcare reform. In addition, this new title contains supplemental case studies and review questions to further challenge and prepare you to make morally sound decisions in any healthcare setting.NEW! Case Presentations from the United States and around the World address ethical dilemmas across the practice of nursing.NEW! Think About It boxes present provocative questions within every case presentation.NEW! Thoroughly up-to-date and well referenced content ensures material presented is accurate.NEW! Straightforward and conversational writing style makes content interesting and understandable.NEW! Review questions on Evolve allow students to practice what they have learned.NEW! Case studies on Evolve help students apply the theoretical concepts they have learned.NEW! Ask Yourself questions integrated into each chapter help students understand the relevance of the material.NEW! Discussion questions and Activities within every chapter encourage students to think beyond the theoretical.NEW! Summary and
Highlights
within every chapter make it easier for students to thoroughly understand key elements.\" Perhaps no medical breakthrough in the twentieth century is more spectacular, more hope-giving, or more fraught with ethical questions than organ transplantation. Each year some 25,000 Americans are pulled back from the brink of death by receiving vital new organs. Another 5,000 die whilewaiting for them. And what distinguishes these two groups has become the source of one of our thorniest ethical questions. In Raising the Dead, Ronald Munson offers a vivid, often wrenchingly dramatic account of how transplants are performed, how we decide who receives them, and how we engage the entire range of tough issues that arise because of them. Each chapter begins with a detailed account of a specificcase--Mickey Mantle\'s controversial liver transplant, for example--followed by careful analysis of its surrounding ethical questions (the charges that Mantle received special treatment because he was a celebrity, the larger problems involving how organs are allocated, and whether alcoholics shouldhave an equal claim on donor livers). In approaching transplant ethics through specific cases, Munson reminds us of the complex personal and emotional dimension that underlies such issues. The book also ranges beyond our present capabilities to explore the future possibilities in xenotransplantation(transplanting animal organs into humans) and stem cell technology that would allow doctors to grow new organs from the patient\'s own cells. Based on extensive scientific research, but written with a novelist\'s eye for the human condition, Raising the Dead shows readers the reality of organ transplantation now, the possibility of what it may become, and how we might respond to the ethical challenges it forces us to confront. Chapter 10. Ethical Debates in Marketing. Marketing Ethics : definitions. “standards of conduct and moral judgement applied to marketing practice”. “. the systematic study of how moral standards are applied to .