involuntary movements or noises These are called tics Simple Tics sudden brief repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups Complex Tics distinct coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups ID: 779718
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Slide1
Slide2Characteristics
People with Tourette’s make
involuntary
movements or noises. These are called
tics.
Simple Tics
: sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups
Complex Tics
: distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups
Vocal Tics
: noises that a person makes with their voice
Motor Tics
: tics involving movement of the body
Slide3Simple
Tics
Complex Tics
Vocal
Tics
Throat-clearing,
Sniffing
Grunting
Snorting
Barking
Hiccupping
Yelling
Using different tones of voice
Repeating one’s own words
Repeating others’ words
Using swear words
Motor
Tics
Blinking
Facial Movements
Shrugging the shoulders
Arm jerking
Head jerking
Shoulder jerking
Sticking the tongue out
Finger flexing
Touching objects
Hopping
Jumping
Bending
Twisting
Touching the nose
Touching other people
Obscene
gesturing
Flapping the arms
Slide4Serious Tics:
Coprolalia
:
uttering socially inappropriate words such as swearing
Echolalia
:
repeating the words or phrases of others
Self-harming
tics
: scratching oneself, punching oneself, hitting
one’s
head on hard objects.
Slide5Things to keep in mind
No case is typical.
Tics
can change over
time.
Tics
can worsen and get better over
time.
Often worst during adolescence.
Certain
things
can worsen
tics.
Stress, anxiety, excitement, shirts with tight
collars,
hearing someone else
cough or
clear their
throat.
Slide6Holding in Tics
Tics are often preceded by a
premonitory
urge
.
Trying not to tic:
Can feel like holding your breath
Trying not to hiccup
Trying not to blink
Slide7Co-Occurring Conditions
79% diagnosed with at least one additional mental health, behavioral, or developmental condition
64% ADHD
43% Behavioral or conduct problems (ODD or CD)
40% Anxiety problems
36% Depression
Over 1/3 also have OCD
Slide8Causes
No one knows.
It is thought to be genetic.
Genes may just increase susceptibility for the disorder.
Monozygotic twins show a 50-70% concordance.
Dizygotic twins show a 9% concordance.
Some studied noted abnormal frontal lobe discharges.
Slide9Prevalence
Tourette’s
affects all racial and ethnic groups.
Males are affected 3 times more than females.
More common in children.
Tourette’s often decreases or goes away with age.
Slide10How is Tourette’s Diagnosed
Diagnosis is fairly subjective.
Patients must have a case history of
at least 1 year.
Facial tics are usually the first ones displayed.
Patients explain and show doctors their tics, and the doctor diagnoses them with Tourette’s.
Slide111825 – First Recorded Case
Jean – Marc Gaspard
Itard
(1774 – 1838), perhaps most remembered for his work with the ‘Wild Child of
Aveyron
’, noted the characteristics of Marquise de
Dampierre
.
Slide12Marquise de
Dampierre
26 years of age
Noble, intelligent young lady
“In the midst of a conversation that interests her extremely, all of a sudden, without being able to prevent it, she interrupts what she is saying or what she is listening to with bizarre shouts and with words that are even more extraordinary and which make a deplorable contrast with her intellect and distinguished manner.”
Slide13Georges Gilles de la Tourette
In 1885, Tourette published a detailed report of nine patients who exhibited a condition with the characteristics of twitching, jerking uncontrollably, crying out, grunting, or swearing involuntarily.
Slide14Tourette argued in his report that it was distinct from other known diseases and disorders of the time.
Cited first example as Marquise de
Dampierre
.
Because a set of signs and symptoms, a course of illness, and a predisposing cause had been identified, Tourette argued that a disease had been described.
This was challenged by Parisian colleagues.
Slide15Early 20
th
Century
The psychoanalytic influence on Tourette’s was that it was a psychiatric problem.
Patients and families were often told that their own psychological maladjustments were to blame for their treatments.
Tics were attributed to sexual impulses and/or conflict between parent and child, resulting in deficits of will and character.
Slide16New Research
In 1968, Arthur K. Shapiro and his wife, Elaine, treated a patient with haloperidol. Seeing the effects the medication had on the patient, the
Shapiros
argued that Tourette’s was a neurological rather than a psychological disorder.
Slide17Today
Tic disorders are considered to be an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder.
There are many places in which individuals with Tourette’s can receive treatment and support
.
Slide18Ignorance causes…
Stress
Frustration
Task Avoidance
When the stress builds up within a student, the tics become much more prevalent and difficult to control.
Slide19Difficulties
Attention/Concentration
Impulsive behavior
General Fidgeting
Ritualistic Behavior
Slide20The Best Way to Help
B
e
patient and persevering.
Provide the opportunity for the child to explain about Tourette’s to
the people around
.