WLC212 History Hindi developed in 8 th 10 th Centuries from Khari Boli Switched to Urdu because of Muslim invaders Indigenous population borrowed from Sanskrit Sanskrit is the major source of Hindi ID: 796794
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Slide1
Hindi Language
By: Savina Singh
WLC-212
Slide2History
Hindi developed in 8
th
-10
th
Centuries from Khari Boli
Switched to Urdu because of Muslim invaders
Indigenous population borrowed from Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the major source of Hindi
Devanagari Script – land of gods
Slide3Regions – Hindi as Official Language
Approximately 298 million speakers
Slide4Different Dialects
Braj Bhasha – Religious scriptures
Oldest dialect – Khari Boli
Haryanvi – State of Haryana
Dehati
– Lower caste, Low-income speakers
Bundeli, Awadh, Chattisgarhi, Bagheli, and Kannauji
Slide5Alphabet systems and Orthographic Conventions
Slide6Orthography Cont.….
Slide7Hindi Phonology
Velar
K
: क /kə/
k; English: scald
ख /kʰə/
kh; English called
ग /gə/
g; English: game
घ /gʱə/
gh; Aspirated/murmured /g/
ङ /ŋə/
n; English: ring
Palatal
च /cɕə / or / tʃə/
ch; English butcher
छ /cɕʰə / or /tʃʰə/
chh; English: chat
ज /ɟʝə / or / dʒə/
j; English: jam
झ /ɟʝʱə / or / dʒʱə/
jh; Aspirated/murmured /
ɟʝ
/
Slide8Hindi Phonology Cont.…
Retroflex
ट /ʈə/
t; like "t" but with the tongue tip curled back
ठ /ʈʰə/
th; Aspirated /ʈ/
ड /ɖə/
d; like "d" but with the tongue tip curled back
ढ /ɖʱə/
dh; Aspirated/murmured /ɖ/
ण /ɳə/
n; like "n" but with the tongue tip curled back
Slide9Phonology Cont.…
Apico-Dental
त /t̪ə/
t; Spanish: tomate
थ /t̪ʰə/
th; Aspirated /t̪/
द /d̪ə/
d; Spanish: donde
ध /d̪ʱə/
dh; Aspirated/murmured /d̪/
न /nə/
n; English: name
Slide10Morphology
Gender Differences
Sg. Pl.
Dir. Obl. Dir. Obl. Voc.
Masc
.
-
ā
-
e
-
õ -
o
+
õ
+
o
Fem
.
-
ī
, -
i
, -
iyā
-
iyā
-
iyõ
-
iyo
+
ẽ
+
õ
+
o
Past: e/ Present: en/ Future: enge
Unique Greeting and Idiom
Unique Greeting Unique
Idiom
Khoon
Bhari
Maang
Pragmatics
Bus
Vehicle - Same as English
Argument - Keep Quiet
During meal – I don’t want anymore or I’m done
Are you done?
Sarcasm
Slide13Personal
Hindi is one of the oldest languages in the world, and enriched with culture and values.
Personal relevance: Part of my heritage, and necessary to communicate with family.
Computer Industry, and India’s growing economy.
Slide14References
Hindi Language Information. (
n.d
). Retrieved May 1, 2015
, from
http://www.lingvozone.com/
Hindi
Hindi Grammar Online. (
n.d
). Retrieved May 2, 2015
, from
http://
www.hindigrammaronline.com
Hindustani Grammar. (
n.d
). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Hindustani_grammar
Rana. S, personal interview, May 1, 2015.