PPT-Mendelian Randomization (Using genes to tell us about the environment)

David Evans University of Queensland University of Bristol Some Criticisms of DOC Modelling in Twins Measurement error Power both variables need to have radically different aetiologies Only useful for testing strong hypotheses about causation. 4NeoplasticProcessincludesMeSHtermsreferringtocan-cers. SemanticType IntermediateBMeSHTerms G E A Genes,jun 1 Genes,fos 2 Genes,APC 3 Genes,Reporter 4 Genes,Dominant 5 Genes,ras 6 Genes,rel 7 Genes,bc Heredity. CH12 . pg. 267. Sexual Reproduction. Combining of a sperm cell and an egg cell from two individuals . The offspring of this "cross" will have characteristics from both "parents“. hybrid. Mendelian. Genomics. www.mendelian.org. gmendel@mendelian.org. Goal: Identify and define the causes of all human . monogenic diseases. Explain human biology. Allow diagnostic testing important for disease prevention, therapy and prognosis. Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity. Behavior Genetics: . Predicting Individual Differences. The topics in the text:. genes. twin and adoption studies . temperament and heredity. molecular genetics. invalid instruments:. Egger regression and Weighted Median Approaches. David Evans. What is the problem?. Mendelian. Randomization (MR) uses genetic variants to test for causal relationships between phenotypic exposures and disease-related outcomes. BIOS . 6660 . Hung-Chun (James) Yu. Shaikh Lab. 04/28/2014. Human Genetic . Diseases. Penetrance vs . F. requency. Kaiser J. . S. cience. (2012) 338:1016-1017.. Human Genetic . Diseases. Complex Disorder. David Evans. Some Criticisms of GWA Studies…. So you have a new GWAS hit for a disease… so what!?. You can’t change people’s genotypes (at least not yet). You can however modify people’s environments…. . Dorret Boomsma. . Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Dept. Biological Psychology. No aspect of human behavior genetics has caused more confusion and generated more obscurantism than the analysis and interpretation of the various types of non-additivity and non-independence of gene and environmental action and interaction . Exome. sequencing identifies the cause of a . Mendelian. disorder.. Nat. Genet. 42, 30–35 (2010).. Cupped ears. coloboma. of the lower eyelids, . prominent . nose, . micrognathia. . absence . of the fifth digits of the feet. MENDEL. ’. S PRINCIPLES. Alternate version of genes (. alleles. ) cause variations in inherited characteristics among offspring.. For each character, every organism inherits one allele from each parent.. How Fertilization Takes Place. Fertilization. Union . of sperm and ovum to produce a . zygote.. Also called conception. Zygote. :. One-celled . organism resulting from . fertilization. . Duplicates itself by cell division to create a . Genes and Inheritance. 2017. ggibson.gt@gmail.com. http://www.cig.gatech.edu. Course Outline. 1. Genes and Inheritance (GG). 2. Molecular Biology of the Genome (JL). 3. . Population and Evolutionary Genetics (JL). multifactorial traits affected research into Mendelian disorders? Stylianos E. Antonarakis. For about a century, the argument for focusing on rare Mendelian disorders was as follows: Mendelian ph GENETIC INTERACTION. With the help of different experiments, it was found that most of the characters of living organisms are controlled / influenced / governed by a collaboration of several different genes..