naturally existing chemical compounds 2Minerals can be identified by their physical properties 3What are the four characteristics of a mineral Naturally occurring Crystal StructureChemical Substance ID: 697410
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Slide1
MineralsSlide2
1
) Minerals which are naturally existing chemical compounds.Slide3
2
) Minerals can be identified by their physical properties.Slide4
3
) What are the four characteristics of a mineral?Naturally occurringCrystal Structure/Chemical SubstanceInorganic/ Non-LivingSolidSlide5
Natural
A mineral must occur
naturally in
the Earth’s crust. It cannot be man made.Slide6
Inorganic
A mineral must be
inorganic rather than organic. Organic materials are formed from
living
things. Minerals must be made from things that were never alive. Slide7
Solid
A mineral is always a
solid. It can never be a liquid or a gas.Slide8
Pattern / Chemical Substance
/ Crystal Structure
A mineral’s atoms are arranged in a definite
pattern
. This repeating pattern is called a crystal. Slide9
The two most common elements in the Earth’s crust are
oxygen and silicon. (#5)
Elements!Slide10
Minerals that contain
silicon and oxygen
are silicate minerals.
Silicate minerals make up
90%
of the earth’s crust.
The other 10% are non-silicate minerals.
Silicate MineralsSlide11
The most common classification of minerals is based on chemical composition.
Minerals are classified based on chemical composition in two groups. What are these two groups?
1. Silicates
2.
Nonsilicates
#4 & #5Slide12
Quartz-
Basic Building block of many rocks
Common Types of Silicate MineralsSlide13
Feldspar – Main component of most rocks on earth’s surface
Common Types of Silicate MineralsSlide14
Mica –
Mica minerals separate into sheets easily when they break
Common Types of Silicate MineralsSlide15
6
) Minerals that contain combinations of silicon and oxygen in their chemical structure are called silicates and minerals without silicon and oxygen are called nonsilicates.Slide16
7
) The structure of a crystal is made by a repeating pattern of atoms. The largest crystals are formed as superheated rocks slowly cool. Where are these large crystals formed? Underground near magma.Slide17
Minerals that
do not contain oxygen
or
silicon
are non-silicate minerals!!!
Some of these minerals are made up of elements like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur!!!
Non-Silicate MineralsSlide18
Minerals we use all the timeSlide19
Carbonates
building stones
Cement
fireworks.
Minerals
FireworksSlide20
Halides
Detergents
chemical industry
Minerals
DetergentSlide21
Oxides
Abrasives
Paint
airplane parts.
Minerals
PaintSlide22
Sulfates
Paint
Cement
Toothpaste
cosmetics
Minerals
ToothpasteSlide23
Sulfides
batteries
electronic parts
medicines
Minerals
BatteriesSlide24
Mineral or NOT?Slide25
???
WoodNOT It was livingMineral or Not?Slide26
Wood NOT – once livingSlide27
???
WoodNOT It was livingMineral or Not?Slide28
???
GoldYES Mineral or Not?Slide29
???
FossilNOT It was livingMineral or Not?Slide30
???
TopazYESMineral or Not?Slide31
???
boneNOT It is livingMineral or Not?Slide32
???
GraniteYESMineral or Not?Slide33
???
QuartzYESMineral or Not?Slide34
???
PearlsNOT Made by oystersMineral or Not?Slide35
???
TalcYESMineral or Not?Slide36
???
DiamondYESMineral or Not?Slide37
???
coalNOT Was once living material – plantsSedimentary rock
Mineral or Not?Slide38
???
Rock SaltYESMineral or Not?